Table 1.
Participant characteristics stratified by experiencing intimate partner violence.
| Demographic Characteristics | Total (N=320) | Never experienced IPV (n=125) | Experienced IPV (n=195) | Test of Difference 1
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR/Coef. | p-value | ||||
| Age (years) | 29.1 (5.9) | 29.5 (6.5) | 28.8 (5.4) | −0.56 | 0.404 |
| Age of infant (months) | 5.8 (2.3) | 5.9 (2.3) | 5.8 (2.3) | −0.11 | 0.687 |
| Number of children | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.6) | −0.08 | 0.684 |
| Completed primary education | 72.0% | 69.6% | 74.0% | 1.21 | 0.442 |
| Completed secondary education | 13.7% | 11.0% | 15.0% | 1.55 | 0.214 |
| Number of household assets 2 | 8.6 (3.2) | 8.6 (3.3) | 8.7 (3.0) | 0.052 | 0.893 |
| Length of relationship (years) | 6.6 (5.4) | 7.8 (6.1) | 5.9 (4.8) | −1.46 | 0.019 |
| Husband/partner tested for HIV | 80.3% | 85.0% | 77.1% | 0.55 | 0.051 |
| Discordant couple (n=256) 3 | 35.0% | 33.6% | 35.6% | 0.90 | 0.691 |
| PMTCT knowledge (correctly answered all four questions) | 87.2% | 88.0% | 86.7% | 0.88 | 728 |
| Disclosed to husband/partner HIV status | 91.6% | 96.2% | 89.0% | 0.28 | 0.024 |
| Acceptance of Wife Beating | |||||
| Believe that wife beating is justified for at least one reason | 66.6% | 44.8% | 80.9% | 5.09 | 0.000 |
| Power Dynamics Within Couples | |||||
| Lower income than partner | 71.2% | 80.3% | 65.2% | 0.50 | 0.059 |
| Partner has final say over money | 61.5% | 43.7% | 73.2% | 0.29 | 0.000 |
| Number of controlling behaviors 4 | 3.4 (2.1) | 2.4 (1.8) | 4.1 (1.9) | 1.69 | 0.000 |
| Ever hit partner | 8.4% | 5.4% | 10.3% | 1.99 | 0.141 |
| PMTCT Adherence | |||||
| >80% cART during pregnancy (n=271)5 | 88.2% | 96.0% | 83.5% | 0.21 | 0.004 |
| Took sdNVP during childbirth (n=131) | 92.4% | 97.6% | 90.0% | 0.25 | 0.164 |
| >80% cART during postnatal (n=285) | 90.9% | 98.2% | 86.3% | 0.12 | 0.004 |
| >80% infant NVP prophylaxis (n=303) | 85.5% | 97.5% | 77.8% | 0.09 | 0.000 |
| Total | 100% | 39.1% | 60.9% | ||
Notes. Statistics are summarized as Mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated.
Abbr. cART=Combination antiretroviral therapy. IVP=Intimate partner violence. NVP=Nevirapine. PMTCT=Prevention of mother-to-child transmission. OR=Odds ratio. SD=Standard deviation. sdNVP=Single dose NVP.
1
Unadjusted models
2
Out of a possible list of 21 items
3
Of the women who knew their partner’s status
4
Out of a possible list of 6 behaviors
5
Different sample size because women were offered medication differentially for each protocol.
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
P<0.001 level of significant difference between IPV and no IPV groups.