FIG. 10.

A barium titanate particle rotating at 131 rpm about an axis parallel to electrode edge at 450 Hz and 7.5 V in methanol. Particle orientation is shown at (a) 0 s, (b) 0.554 s, (c) 1.09 s. Particle position displayed here is roughly 18.58 μm away from the electrode edge and is stable. Controlled and stable particle rotations are obtained for uniform microsphere, although a particle with defects is shown in this figure for vivid demonstration of particle rotation. See movies in the supplementary materials.⁴²