Table 1.
Levels of mercury and hydroquinone concentrations in skin toning creams
| Product name | Acronym for product | Mercury (µg/g) | Hydroquinone (%) | Country of origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akagni® Skin Toning Cream | AKS | 0.129 ± 0.057 | 0.21 ± 0.16 | Cote d’Voire |
| Body White | BW | <0.001 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Carotone | CT | 0.147 ± 0.058 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | Cote d’Voire |
| Cherie Claire | CC | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | Cote d’Voire |
| Claire Plus | CP | 0.145± | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Clair-Liss Genial | CLG | <0.001 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | Cote d’Voire |
| Cocoderm | CD | 0.067 ± 0.046 | 0.83 ± 0.51 | Cote d’Voire |
| Cocoon Cocoa Butter | CCB | 0.059 ± 0.012 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Eclat® Gel | EG | 0.327 ± 0.062 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Extra Toning Cocoa Butter | ETCC | 0.096 ± 0.029 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | Cote d’Voire |
| Fair and Light | FL | <0.001 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| G & G | GG | <0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | Cote d’Voire |
| Méticée | MT | <0.001 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | Cote d’Voire |
| Miss Caroline | MC | 0.256 ± 0.045 | 0.02± | Cote d’Voire |
| Palmas Cocoa Butter | PCB | 0.001 ± 0.000 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| PỐlisse | PL | <0.001 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Sivoclair | SC | <0.001 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Sure White | SW | 0.140 ± 0.045 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | Cote d’Voire |
| Victory white | VW | 0.003 ± 0.001 | ND | Cote d’Voire |
| Clear N Smooth Cream | CNS | <0.001 | ND | Italy |
| Esapharma MOVATE Cream | EMC | 0.166 ± 0.123 | ND | Italy |
| Fashion Fair Cream | FFC | 0.001 ± 0.000 | ND | Italy |
| L’abidjanaise® Cream | LAC | <0.001 | ND | Italy |
| Movate Cream | MTC | 0.026 ± 0.003 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | Italy |
| Naturel Cream | NC | 0.008 ± 0.005 | ND | Italy |
| Neo-vate White Cream Plus | NWCP | <0.001 | ND | Italy |
| Neutrotone® Cream | NTC | 0.004 ± 0.001 | ND | Italy |
| New Age Cream | NAC | 0.250 ± 0.031 | ND | Italy |
| New Skin Light® Cream | NSLC | 0.002 ± 0.001 | ND | Italy |
| Perfect Skin | PS | 0.122 ± 0.057 | ND | Italy |
| Polux Gel | PG | 0.001 ± 0.000 | ND | Italy |
| Skin Maxitoner | SM | 0.015 ± 0.004 | ND | Italy |
| Skin Solution Cream | SSC | 0.067 ± 0.025 | 0.51 ± 0.18 | Italy |
| Skinicles Cream | SCC | 0.152 ± 0.079 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | Italy |
| Swiss Formula Cream | SFC | 0.046 ± 0.029 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | Italy |
| Crusader® Ultra Brand | CUB | 0.135 ± 0.085 | ND | UK |
| Dermatological E45 Solution | DES | 0.192 ± 0.097 | ND | UK |
| Zarina Cream | ZC | 0.070 ± 0.031 | 1.61 ± 0.72 | UK |
| Sukisa Bango | SB | 0.228 ± 0.023 | ND | UK |
| Amiderm Cream | AC | 0.043 ± 0.015 | 0.20 ± 0.11 | India |
| Betasol Cream | BC | 0.081 ± 0.031 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | India |
| Chocho Skin Toner | CST | <0.001 | ND | India |
| Closol Cream | CLC | 0.060 ± 0.039 | 0.32 ± 0.16 | India |
| Epiderm™ Cream | EC | <0.001 | ND | India |
| Funbact-A | FA | 0.081 ± 0.048 | ND | India |
| Surfaz Cream | SFC | 0.182 ± 0.057 | 0.01 ± 00 | India |
| Dawmy | DW | <0.001 | ND | USA |
| Dr. Fred Summit Skin Whitener | DFSW | 0.106 ± 0.028 | ND | USA |
| BioClaire | BCL | <0.001 | ND | Indonesia |
| Hyprogel | HG | 0.076 ± 0.015 | ND | Germany |
| So sexy | SS | 0.145 ± 0.091 | ND | Senegal |
| Mercy Ointment | MO | <0.001 | ND | Ghana |
| The Karibu D’or Sana | TKD | 0.166 ± 0.026 | ND | China |
| Dove Silk Cream | DSC | 0.015 ± 0.002 | 0.40 ± 0.71 | Nigeria |
ND not detected