NMR structures of the human apo (PDB: 2L0P) (A) and holo (PDB: 2LP3) S100A1 (B) states (26, 29). The pEF (yellow), linker (purple), cEF (gray), and helical bundle (red) are represented in the structures, and the Ca2+ ions (green) are shown for the holo form. The binding of Ca2+ ions reveals a hydrophobic protein recognition patch near H3. To see this figure in color, go online.