. 2016 Mar 12;16:100. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1077-1

Table 3.

The effects of CCGG supplementation on serum biochemical parameters in HED-fed rats

	Control	HED	0.5X	1X	2X
TG (mg/dL)	40 ± 9^a	73 ± 24^b	46 ± 12^a	44 ± 8^a	42 ± 8^a
FFA (mmol/L)	1.05 ± 0.14^ab	1.35 ± 0.06^d	1.18 ± 0.11^c	1.15 ± 0.12^bc	1.01 ± 0.15^a
TC (mg/dL)	43 ± 8^a	62 ± 10^c	51 ± 7^b	48 ± 8^ab	46 ± 7^ab
LDL-C (mg/dL)	4.7 ± 0.7^a	8.0 ± 1.1^b	5.5 ± 1.0^a	5.5 ± 1.1^a	5.4 ± 1.4^a
HDL-C (mg/dL)	7.4 ± 0.9^c	5.4 ± 1.1^a	6.6 ± 0.8^b	6.7 ± 0.7^bc	7.3 ± 1.3^bc
LDL-C/HDL-C	0.63 ± 0.11^a	1.55 ± 0.37^c	0.86 ± 0.21^b	0.83 ± 0.20^ab	0.76 ± 0.26^ab
UA (mg/dL)	1.04 ± 0.22^a	1.08 ± 0.18^a	1.03 ± 0.20^a	1.03 ± 0.17^a	0.98 ± 0.23^a
CREA (mg/dL)	0.39 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.05^a	0.39 ± 0.03^a	0.39 ± 0.05^a	0.38 ± 0.05^a
BUN (mg/dL)	8.20 ± 0.75^a	8.68 ± 1.26^a	8.08 ± 1.50^a	8.00 ± 0.93^a	8.03 ± 1.23^a
Na (mmol/L)	141 ± 2^a	140 ± 1^a	141 ± 1^a	141 ± 2^a	141 ± 1^a
K (mmol/L)	4.3 ± 0.3^a	4.2 ± 0.3^a	4.3 ± 0.3^a	4.3 ± 0.2^a	4.2 ± 0.4^a
Ketone bodies	0/12	12/12^*	8/12^*,†	3/12^†	1/12^†

Control, vehicle control; HED, high-energy diet control; 0.5X, HED with 129 mg/kg/d of CCGG; 1X, HED with 258 mg/kg/d of CCGG; 2X, HED with 517 mg/kg/d of CCGG. Data are mean ± SD (n = 12 rats/group). Values with different letters (a, b, c) differ significantly at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. Ketone bodies = the rats of the positive ketone bodies/the total rats. *, P < 0.05 compared with control group, and †, P < 0.05 compared with HED group by Mann–Whitney U-test