Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included patients
| All N = 821 | Lactate(24 h) <2 mmol/l | Lactate(24 h) <2 mmol/l | Lactate(24 h) ≥2 mmol/l | Lactate(24 h) ≥2 mmol/l | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAP(24 h) <65 mmHg | MAP(24 h) ≥65 mmHg | MAP(24 h) <65 mmHg | MAP(24 h) ≥65 mmHg | |||
| N = 68 | N = 406 | N = 115 | N = 232 | |||
| Male (%) | 532/821 (64.8) | 45/68 (66.2) | 274/406 (67.5) | 77/115 (67.0) | 136/232 (58.6) | 0.15 |
| Age (years) | 64.0 (14.4) | 68.7 (12.1) | 62.8 (14.4) | 68.2 (11.3) | 62.5 (15.8) | 0.001 |
| MAP(adm) | 76.9 (21) | 64.8 (14) | 83.2 (21) | 62.6 (14) | 76.5 (22) | 0.001 |
| MAP(24 h) | 72.7 (10) | 61.6 (2.9) | 77.3 (9.4) | 60.2 (4.4) | 73.9 (8.1) | 0.001 |
| Lactate(adm) | 1.9 (1.2–3.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.9) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 4.2 (2.7–6.6) | 3.5 (2.6–5.2) | 0.001 |
| Lactate(24 h) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 3.9 (2.7–6.2) | 2.9 (2.3–4.1) | 0.001 |
| ScvO2(adm) | 66.4 (11) | 76.4 (3.3) | 68.3 (9.0) | 63.9 (11) | 64.7 (13) | 0.50 |
| ScvO2(24 h) | 69.3 (9.4) | 71.1 (11) | 71.3 (8.6) | 68.4 (7.6) | 67.3 (9.9) | 0.063 |
| Delta-T(adm) | 6.6 (4.2–9.3) | 7.2 (3.2–10) | 5.9 (3.9–8.8) | 7.4 (5.1–9.7) | 7.4 (4.8–9.9) | 0.007 |
| Delta-T(24 h) | 3.7 (2.8–5.1) | 3.4 (2.7–4.9) | 3.3 (2.5–4.5) | 4.5 (3.3–6.1) | 4.0 (3.1–5.8) | 0.001 |
| 24-h fluid balance (ml) | 3366 (1314–5568) | 4321 (2160–5939) | 2238 (825–3973) | 7080 (3671–9795) | 3932 1722–6277) | 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) at any time during ICU stay | 627/821 (76) | 52/68 (76.5) | 304/406 (74.9) | 95/115 (82.6) | 176/232 (75.9) | 0.39 |
| P/F ratio (lowest during ICU stay) | 156 (105–226) | 169 (117–232) | 160 (107–220) | 140 (89–202) | 166 (105–257) | 0.04 |
| Noradrenalin dosea (mg) | 0.0 (0–4.2) | 0.57 (0–4.8) | 0.0 (0–0.85) | 7.4 (0.98-19.2) | 0.72 (0–6.9) | 0.001 |
| Dopamine dosea (mg) | 215 (59–469) | 402 (230–727) | 172 (0–320) | 515 (231–912) | 219 (62–473) | 0.001 |
| History of arterial hypertension | 237/821 (28.9) | 18/68 (26.5) | 131/406 (32.3) | 34/115 (29.6) | 54/232 (23.3) | 0.11 |
| CRRTb (%) | 121/821 (14.7) | 12/68 (17.6) | 22/406 (5.4) | 49/115 (42.6) | 38/232 (16.4) | 0.001 |
| SOFA admission | 7.8 (3.7) | 8.1 (3.2) | 6.5 (2.7) | 10.9 (4.5) | 8.7 (3.8) | 0.001 |
| APACHE IV predicted mortality | 0.34 (0.16–0.60) | 0.37 (0.19–0.57) | 0.25 (0.13–0.45) | 0.63 (0.37–0.84) | 0.37 (0.18–0.67) | 0.001 |
| Length of ICU stay in hours | 86.0 (40.0–209) | 96.5 (47.8–254) | 72 (39.0–189) | 120 (64.0–283) | 80.5 (36.0–199) | 0.013 |
| ICU mortality (%) | 146/821 (17.8) | 13/68 (19.1) | 37/406 (9.1) | 51/115 (44.3) | 45/232 (19.4) | 0.001 |
| Hospital mortality (%) | 215/821 (26.2) | 18/68 (26.5) | 64/406 (15.8) | 62/115 (53.9) | 71/232 (30.6) | 0.001 |
Values for MAP are given in mmHg, values for lactate in mmol/l, values delta-T in °C and values for ScvO2 in %
Groups represent mean lactate and mean MAP over the first 24 hours of ICU admission. Data are given as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range)
*p-value shows differences between all groups
a Cumulative dose over first 24 hours of ICU admission
b At any time during ICU admission, available for 193 patients
(24 h) arithmetic mean of all validated measurements during the first 24 hours after admission, (adm) at admission, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, delta-T difference between central and forefoot temperature, ICU intensive care unit, MAP mean arterial pressure, P/F PaO2 / FiO2 ratio, ScvO 2 central venous oxygen saturation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment