Exhibit 1.

Admission to low, average, and high quality hospitals for black and white Medicare Patients undergoing major surgery.

Surgical Procedure	Proportion admitted to each type of hospital		Adjusted odds ratio for having surgery at each type of hospital,(95% CI)
Coronary artery bypass grafting	White	Black	Black vs. White
Quality rating (Mortality rate)	N=150,744	N=9,161
Low quality hospital (4.6%)	19.1%	22.9%	1.25 (1.19 to 1.32)
Average hospital (3.5%)	60.1%	60.1%	1.10 (0.97 to 1.06)
High quality hospital (2.7%)	20.9%	17.0%	0.77 (0.73 to 0.82)
Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair	White	Black	Black vs. White
Quality rating (Mortality rate)	N=52,239	N=2,394
Low quality hospital (4.1%)	18.7%	27.2%	1.58 (1.44 to 1.74)
Average hospital (3.3%)	60.7%	56.5%	0.85 (0.78 to 0.93)
High quality hospital (3.0%)	20.6%	16.3%	0.76 (0.69 to 0.85)
Lung cancer resection	White	Black	Black vs. White
Quality rating (Mortality rate)	N=32,000	N=2,033
Low quality hospital (6.0%)	19.7%	24.6%	1.30 (1.17 to 1.44)
Average hospital (4.9%)	59.8%	59.4%	0.96 (0.88 to 1.05)
High quality hospital (3.4%)	20.5%	16.0%	0.78 (0.69 to 0.89)

National Medicare population, 2005–2008.