Exhibit 2.

Geographic proximity and admission to low quality hospitals for major surgery.

Surgical Procedure	Proportion admitted to a low quality hospital		Adjusted odds ratio for admission to a low quality hospital (95% CI)
Coronary artery bypass grafting	White	Black	Black vs. White
Proximity to an average or high quality hospital  < 5 miles	11.4%	14.8%	1.33 (1.21 to 1.46)
5–20 miles	18.1%	28.2%	1.76 (1.61 to 1.91)
> 20 miles	25.8%	31.6%	1.35 (1.22 to 1.48)
Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair	White	Black	Black vs. White
Proximity to an average or high quality hospital  < 5 miles	13.2%	25.1%	2.10 (1.83 to 2.42)
5–20 miles	21.3%	30.1%	1.59 (1.34 to 1.87)
> 20 miles	22.1%	28.9%	1.39 (1.11 to 1.75)
Lung cancer resection	White	Black	Black vs. White
Proximity to an average or high quality hospital  < 5 miles	11.9%	16.9%	1.44 (1.22 to 1.70)
5–20 miles	21.2%	32.5%	1.76 (1.45 to 2.13)
> 20 miles	30.1%	42.4%	1.70 (1.34 to 2.16)

National Medicare population, 2005–2008.