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. 2016 Mar 12;35:45. doi: 10.1186/s13046-016-0319-x

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© Gurtner et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic representation of canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway. The miRNA biogenesis is a multistep process. miRNA genes are transcribed by polymerase II or III resulting in primary precursors (pri-miRNAs). Second, pri-miRNAs are cleaved into pre-miRNA by the Microprocessor complex (Drosha-DGCR8) in the nucleus and then transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by Exportin-5-Ran-GTP. Drosha/DGCR8 is subjected to complex regulation by positive and negative factors, represented on the figure. In the cytoplasm, Dicer1, TRBP and Paz protein cleave and digest the pre-miRNA to produce a mature duplex miRNA. The functional strand of the mature miRNA is loaded together with AGO-2 proteins into the RISC. The mature miRNA silences target mRNAs through mRNA cleavage or translational repression