Figure 2.

DNA damage and repair in CHO cells with 0.05 mg/mL (a), 0.1 mg/mL (b), 0.5 mg/mL (c), and 1.0 mg/mL (d) of R. carthamoides TR and NR extracts. DNA damage was induced by H₂O₂ at a concentration of 50 μM at 4°C on ice and measured as a percentage of the tail DNA in the alkaline comet assay. ^∗ p < 0.001 as compared to TR or NR extract with H₂O₂ at the appropriate time of incubation. ^# p < 0.001 as compared to TR or NR extract at the appropriate time of incubation The number of cells scored was 100. Data is expressed as means ± SE of three independent experiments. Control: cells incubated with PBS; H₂O₂: cells incubated with H₂O₂; NR extract: cells incubated with NR extract; TR extract: cells incubated with TR extract; H₂O₂ + NR extract: cells incubated with H₂O₂ and NR extract; H₂O₂ + TR extract: cells incubated with H₂O₂ and NR extract.