Table 4.

Baseline and follow-up data, absolute changes, and statistical parameters of secondary endpoints in the HIT, WB-EMS, and control group.

	HIT (n = 20) (MV ± SD)	WB-EMS (n = 22) (MV ± SD)	Difference MV (95% CI)	p	Effect size (d′)
Maximum isometric back extension strength [N]
Baseline	289.9 ± 73.1	291.5 ± 62.7	—	.939	—
16 weeks	319.4 ± 70.4	325.3 ± 69.3	—	—	—
Difference	29.5 ± 19.8 (<.001)	33.8 ± 28.4 (<.001)	3.3 (−12.2 to 18.8)	.663	.18
Total body fat [kg]a
Baseline	23.09 ± 7.00	24.32 ± 7.23	—	.259	—
16 weeks	22.07 ± 6.78	23.41 ± 7.00	—	—	—
Difference	1.02 ± 2.01 (.035)	.91 ± 1.00 (.001)	.230 (−.324 to 785)	.829	0.07

^a n = 21 in the WB-EMS group.