Figure 3.

Bach1 induces apoptosis through mitochondrial ROS production. Ad-GFP- and Ad-Bach1-infected HMVECs were incubated with or without NAC (10 mM) for 48 hours, ROS production was then determined by the detection of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence (a), or mitochondrial ROS production was determined by MitoSOX red fluorescence (b). Bars, 50 μm. (n = 3; ^∗∗ P < 0.01). Cell apoptosis (c) and cleaved caspase 3 protein levels (d) were evaluated (n = 3; ^∗ P < 0.05).