Table 1.
Prevalence rates of selected virulence and resistance genes detected among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from goat (G), sheep (S), and bovine (B) milk samples.
| Group | Gene/Probe | Function | G (n = 34) | S (n = 15) | B (n = 78) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| agr | agrI | Accessory gene regulator, type 1 | 44∗S | 80∗G,B | 41∗S |
| agrII | Accessory gene regulator, type 2 | 6∗B | 0∗B | 59∗G,S | |
| agrIII | Accessory gene regulator, type 3 | 50∗S,B | 20∗G,B | 0∗G,S | |
| Capsule | cap5 | Capsule type 5 | 9∗B | 7∗B | 38∗G |
| cap8 | Capsule type 8 | 91∗B | 93∗B | 62∗G | |
| Enterotoxins | sea | Enterotoxin A | 3 | 0 | 10 |
| sea (320E) | Enterotoxin A, allelic variant 320E | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
| sea (N315) | Enterotoxin A, allelic variant N315 | 9 | 0 | 1 | |
| seb | Enterotoxin B | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| sec | Enterotoxin C | 50∗B | 67∗B | 15∗G | |
| sed | Enterotoxin D | 0∗B | 0 | 13∗G | |
| see | Enterotoxin E | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| seg | Enterotoxin G | 9∗B | 0∗B | 65∗G,S | |
| sei | Enterotoxin I | 9∗B | 0∗B | 65∗G,S | |
| sek | Enterotoxin K | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| sel | Enterotoxin L | 50∗B | 67∗B | 15∗G,S | |
| selm | Enterotoxin-like protein M | 9∗B | 0∗B | 64∗G,S | |
| seln | Enterotoxin-like protein N | 9∗B | 0∗B | 65∗G,S | |
| selo | Enterotoxin-like protein O | 9∗B | 0∗B | 65∗G,S | |
| seq | Enterotoxin Q | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| selu | Enterotoxin-like protein U | 9∗B | 0∗B | 65∗G,S | |
| egc | Enterotoxin Gene Cluster (seg/sei/selm/seln/selo/selu) | 9∗B | 0∗B | 65∗G,S | |
| Other superantigens | tst1 (“bovine” allele) | Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin, allele from strain RF122 | 35∗B | 40∗B | 8∗G,S |
| etA/B/D | Exfoliative toxins A, B, and D | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| pvl | Panton Valentine Leukocidin | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Resistance1 | tetK | Tetracycline | 12∗B | 0 | 0∗G |
| fosB | Metallothiol Transferase | 38∗S | 73∗G | 19 | |
| Misc | sdrD | Sialoprotein-binding protein D | 97∗B | 100∗B | 37∗G,S |
| splE | Serine protease E | 59∗S,B | 27∗G | 35∗G | |
| lukM/lukF-PV (P83) | Bovine leukocidin | 21∗S,B | 93∗G | 72∗G | |
| Q7A4X2 | Hypothetical protein | 47∗S,B | 80∗G | 86∗G | |
| ssl06/set21 | Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 6 | 41∗S,B | 73∗G,B | 21∗G,S | |
| ssl10/set4 | Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 10 | 68∗S | 93∗G | 73 |
A comprehensive list of the prevalence of all genes detected by DNA microarray is provided as a supplement. 1None of the isolates harbored the resistance genes mecA, lnuA, msrA, mefA, mphC, vatA/B, vgaA/B, aacA-aphD, aadD, aphA3, sat, dfrS1, far1, Q6GD50, mupA, cat, fexA, cfr, vanA/Z, qacA/C.∗The distribution of the respective gene differed significantly between strains from the stated sources (G, goat, S, sheep, B, bovine) with p ≤ 0.05.