Table 1. Serum biochemistry in GlcNAc-treated and untreated mice on 9% fat diet.
| fasted 18 h | fed ad libitum | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| control | GlcNAc | control | GlcNAc | |
| ALT (IU/L) | 102.8 ± 38.98 | 99.20 ± 27.51 | 24.75 ± 2.213 | 41.75 ± 10.40 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.222 ± 0.2203 | 1.268 ± 0.1545 | 0.9860 ± 0.09563 | 1.046 ± 0.07019 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.250 ± 0.5781 | 3.640 ± 0.2272* | 3.500 ± 0.4528 | 4.100 ± 0.1483 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 100.4 ± 0.5099 | 98.80 ± 0.6633 | 100.6 ± 0.6782 | 99.00 ± 0.8367 |
| Sodium/Potassium Ratio | 20.40 ± 0.8124 | 21.40 ± 0.9798 | 21.60 ± 0.8718 | 20.60 ± 1.470 |
| Glucose (mM) | 4.225 ± 0.1493 | 6.400 ± 0.3342** | 7.840 ± 0.3558 | 7.700 ± 0.4743 |
| Insulin (pM) | 39.17 ± 7.522 | 314.7 ± 84.37* | 334.7 ± 57.20 | 409.1 ± 97.21 |
| Glucagon (pM) | 33.65 ± 2.348 | 22.45 ± 2.548* | 18.75 ± 4.543 | 22.63 ± 4.146 |
| Insulin/Glucagon Ratio | 2.590 ± 1.073 | 14.59 ± 4.485* | 30.42 ± 4.240 | 14.90 ± 0.9945* |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.600 ± 0.8820 | 5.425 ± 1.276* | N/A | N/A |
| Leptin (pM) | 313.1 ± 102.4 | 1040 ± 94.97** | 900.5 ± 96.63 | 1412 ± 75.67* |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 23.35 ± 0.4644 | 23.50 ± 0.3549 | 25.62 ± 0.3820 | 24.12 ± 0.3151* |
Serum biochemistry was analyzed after 30 weeks with or without 0.5 mg/ml oral GlcNAc supplementation in the drinking water, at which time the mice were 36 weeks of age. Data shown are mean ± SEM, n = 4–5, with statistical significance indicated as *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 (2-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test) for GlcNAc-treated versus untreated control group in either 18 h fasted or fed ad libitum mice on 9% fat diet. ALT alanine aminotransferase, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance.