TABLE 3.

Comparison of Immediate and Average Within-Session Pain Sensitivity Effects Following Intervention^*

	Preintervention	Postintervention	Immediate Effect (post – pre)	P Value†	Average Effect‡	P Value
PPT acromion, kg				.37		.15
Cervical TM	2.6 (1.9, 3.2)	2.9 (2.3, 3.6)	0.37 (0.10, 0.65)		0.45 (0.24, 0.66)
Shoulder TM	3.4 (2.8, 4.0)	3.6 (3.0, 4.2)	0.19 (−0.10, 0.45)		0.32 (0.11, 0.52)
HEP	3.2 (2.6, 3.8)	3.3 (2.7, 3.9)	0.10 (−0.19, 0.38)		0.18 (0.02, 0.35)
All groups			0.22 (0.06, 0.38)§		0.32 (0.21, 0.43)
PPT TA, kg				.55		.28
Cervical TM	4.7 (3.8, 5.7)	5.1 (4.0, 6.2)	0.35 (0.01, 0.69)		0.36 (0.12, 0.59)
Shoulder TM	5.4 (4.4, 6.3)	5.5 (4.4, 6.5)	0.09 (−0.24, 0.42)		0.13 (−0.04, 0.31)
HEP	5.5 (4.5, 6.4)	5.7 (4.6, 6.8)	0.25 (−0.96, 0.60)		0.25 (0.05, 0.45)
All groups			0.23 (0.03, 0.43)§		0.24 (0.13, 0.36)
HPT, °C				.98		.47
Cervical TM	42.3 (41.6, 43.1)	42.9 (42.1, 43.8)	0.62 (−0.04, 1.3)		0.51 (0.08, 0.94)
Shoulder TM	42.6 (41.8, 43.3)	43.2 (42.4, 44.0)	0.57 (−0.06, 1.2)		0.18 (−0.31, 0.68)
HEP	42.7 (42.0, 43.5)	43.3 (42.4, 44.1)	0.54 (−0.13, 1.2)		0.20 (−0.15, 0.55)
All groups			0.58 (0.20, 0.96)§		0.30 (0.06, 0.54)

Abbreviations: HEP, home exercise program; HPT, heat pain threshold; PPT, pressure pain threshold; TA, tibialis anterior; TM, thrust manipulation.

^*Values are mean (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated.

^†Analysis of variance represents group-by-time interaction.

^‡Average within-session change over the 2-week intervention period.

^§Significant time effect at P<.05.