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. 2016 Jan 5;71(3):255–266. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207249

Table 1.

Sociodemographic and health characteristics of the total Newcastle 85+ cohort (n=845) and by gender

Men (n=319) Women (n=526) Overall cohort (n=845) p Value*
Ethnicity % (N)
 White 99.4 (316) 99.8 (523) 99.6 (839) 0.272†
Living arrangements % (N)
 Standard housing 83.4 (266) 73.2 (385) 77.0 (651) 0.002†
 Sheltered housing 10.3 (33) 14.3 (75) 12.8 (108)
 Institutional care 6.3 (20) 12.6 (66) 10.2 (86)
Smoking % (N)
 Never 25.6 (81) 42.0 (220) 35.8 (301) <0.001†
 Former 69.9 (221) 51.5 (270) 58.5 (491)
 Current 4.4 (14) 6.5 (34) 5.7 (48)
Occupational exposures % (N)
 Heavy industry 41.2 (126) 16.6 (83) 25.9 (209) <0.001†
 Coal mining 11.4 (35) 0.0 (0) 4.3 (35) <0.001‡
 Chemical industry 11.1 (34) 4.0 (20) 6.7 (54) <0.001†
 Asbestos exposure 28.9 (88) 1.6 (8) 12.0 (96) <0.001†
Respiratory symptoms % (N)
 Cough 28.3 (88) 25.8 (129) 26.7 (217) 0.425†
 Wheeze 25.0 (78) 20.2 (101) 22.0 (179) 0.109†
 Sputum production 40.7 (127) 28.0 (140) 32.9 (267) <0.001
MRC dyspnoea score % (N)
 1 50.2 (123) 40.5 (143) 44.5 (266) 0.048§
 2 11.4 (28) 19.0 (67) 15.9 (95)
 3 20.4 (50) 17.6 (62) 18.7 (112)
 4 15.1 (37) 17.0 (60) 16.2 (97)
 5 2.9 (7) 6.0 (21) 4.7 (28)
Respiratory diagnoses % (N)
 COPD 17.9 (57) 15.8 (83) 16.6 (140) 0.429†
 Asthma 6.9 (22) 12.7 (67) 10.5 (89) 0.007†
 Bronchiectasis 2.5 (8) 1.5 (8) 1.9 (16) 0.308†
 Pulmonary fibrosis 0.0 (0) 0.2 (1) 0.1 (1) 1.000‡
 Asbestosis 1.6 (5) 0.0 (0) 0.6 (5) 0.008‡
 Pneumoconiosis 1.3 (4) 0.0 (0) 0.5 (4) 0.020‡
 TB 4.4 (14) 4.9 (26) 4.7 (40) 0.713†
Respiratory medications
 Inhaled short-acting β-2 adrenoreceptor agonists 9.1 (29) 11.4 (60) 10.5 (89) 0.288†
 Inhaled muscarinic antagonists 3.8 (12) 3.8 (20) 3.8 (32) 0.976†
 Oral theophylline 0.3 (1) 0.5 (3) 0.5 (4) 0.598‡
 Combination short-acting bronchodilators 0.6 (2) 0.0 (0) 0.2 (2) 0.142‡
 Inhaled corticosteroids 5.3 (17) 7.8 (41) 6.9 (58) 0.169†
 Combination inhaled Corticosteroids and long-acting β-2 adrenoreceptor agonists 1.9 (6) 2.1 (11) 2.0 (17) 0.833†
 Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists 0.0 (0) 0.4 (2) 0.2 (2) 0.529‡
 Oral mucolytics 0.6 (2) 0.2 (1) 0.4 (3) 0.560‡
At least one respiratory medication
 % (N) 12.2 (39) 14.5 (76) 13.6 (115) 0.361†
Disease count
 median (IQR) 4 (3–6) 5 (4–6) 5 (3–6) 0.074§
Comorbid disease count
 median (IQR) 4 (3–6) 5 (4–6) 5 (3–6) 0.047§

*Comparison of men and women.

§Mann–Whitney U test.

†χ2 test.

‡Fisher's exact test,.

Denominators vary due to missing values.

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