Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the studies on patients with AHF, ACS and CS
| First author | Year of publication | Type of data collection | CRS subgroup | AKI definition | Participants, n | Mean age of patients ± SD, years | DM, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHF | |||||||
| 1 Smith [24] | 2003 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 412 | 72 ± 11 | NA |
| 2 Cowie [12] | 2006 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 299 | 68.0 ± 11.6 | 32.8 |
| 3 Logaert [18] | 2008 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 416 | 71 ± 13 | 22.8 |
| 4 Metra [19] | 2008 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 318 | 68 ± 11 | 29.0 |
| 5 Aronson [10] | 2010 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 467 | 63 ± 15 | 49.5 |
| 6 Verdiani [25] | 2010 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 394 | 78 ± 10 | 33 |
| 7 Breidthardt [11] | 2011 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 657 | 79 (71–85) | 31.0 |
| 8 Metra [20] | 2012 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 594 | 69.1 ± 10.8 | 35.0 |
| 9 Mielniczuk [21] | 2012 | Prospective | AHF | WRF | 34 | 67 ± 15 | 31 |
| 10 Roy [4] | 2012 | Prospective | AHF | KDIGO, RIFLE, AKIN, WRF | 637 | 64.6 ± 14.3 | 23.7 |
| Total | 4,228 | Mean 70.0 | 32.0 | ||||
| 1 Krumholz [16] | 2000 | Retrospective | AHF | WRF | 1,681 | 80 ± 8 | 38.3 |
| 2 Nohria [22] | 2008 | Retrospective | AHF | WRF | 433 | 56 ± 14 | 15.5 |
| 3 Hata [14] | 2010 | Retrospective | AHF | RIFLE | 376 | 69 ± 12 | NA |
| 4 Kociol [15] | 2010 | Retrospective | AHF | WRF | 20,063 | NA | 38.9 |
| 5 Eren [13] | 2012 | Retrospective | AHF, ACS | AKIN | 53 (AHF) | NA | NA |
| 6 Zhou [26] | 2012 | Retrospective | AHF | RIFLE | 738 | 63 ± 16 | 36.6 |
| 7 Shirakabe [23] | 2013 | Retrospective | AHF | RIFLE | 625 | 72 ± 12 | 37.7 |
| 8 Li [17] | 2014 | Retrospective | AHF | KDIGO | 1,005 | 68.5 ± 15.0 | 32.7 |
| Total | 24,974 | Mean 68.1 | 35.5 | ||||
| ACS | |||||||
| 1 Marenzi [36] | 2010 | Prospective | ACS | WRF | 97 | 66 ± 11 | 18.6 |
| 2 Bruetto [30] | 2012 | Prospective | ACS | RIFLE | 828 | 65 (54–74) | 25.7 |
| 3 Lazaros [35] | 2012 | Prospective | ACS | WRF | 447 | NA | 26.4 |
| 4 Alfaleh [27] | 2013 | Prospective | ACS | WRF | 3,583 | 61.0 ± 14.6 | 55.1 |
| 5 Hsieh [32] | 2013 | Prospective | ACS | RIFLE | 622 | NA | 32.2 |
| 6 Rodrigues [40] | 2013 | Prospective | ACS | KDIGO, RIFLE | 1,050 | 65 (55–74) | 24.9 |
| Total | 6,627 | Mean 64.3 | 42.0 | ||||
| 1 Goldberg [31] | 2005 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 1,038 | 63 ± 14 | 24.5 |
| 2 Jose [33] | 2006 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 1,854 | NA | 21.3 |
| 3 Latchamsetty [34] | 2007 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 1,417 | 63 | 29.0 |
| 4 Newsome [38] | 2008 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 87,094 | 77 ± 8 | 52.1 |
| 5 Parikh [39] | 2008 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 147,007 | 47 ± 9 | 30.9 |
| 6 Amin [28] | 2010 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 2,098 | 65 ± 13 | 28.8 |
| 7 Amin [29] | 2012 | Retrospective | ACS | WRF | 31,532 | 68.6 | 35.2 |
| 8 Eren [13] | 2012 | Retrospective | ACS, AHF | AKIN | 236 (ACS) NA | NA | |
| 9 Marenzi [37] | 2013 | Retrospective | ACS | AKIN | 3,210 | 71 ± 16 | 21.0 |
| Total | 275,486 | Mean 65.0 | 37.9 | ||||
| CS | |||||||
| 1 Heringlake [54] | 2006 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE | 29,623 | NA | NA |
| 2 Kuitunen [57] | 2006 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE | 808 | NA | NA |
| 3 Lassnigg [58] | 2008 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE, AKIN | 7,241 | 63 (19–90) | 18.9 |
| 4 Haase [52] | 2009 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE, AKIN | 282 | 72 ± 10 | 27.0 |
| 5 De Santo [47] | 2010 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE | 1,424 | 62 ± 13 | NA |
| 6 Straugh [70] | 2010 | Prospective | CS, TAVI | RIFLE | 28 | 82 (71–88) | 8 |
| 7 Ho [55] | 2012 | Prospective | CS | KDIGO | 345 | 63 ± 10 | 8.1 |
| 8 Delgado [73] | 2013 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE | 2,940 | 64.5 ± 11.6 | 8.2 |
| 9 Hansen [53] | 2013 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE | 1,030 | 65.8 (79–75) | 16.1 |
| 10 Kallel [74] | 2013 | Prospective | CS | RIFLE | 136 | 55 ± 14 | 28.0 |
| 11 Sampaio [68] | 2013 | Prospective | CS | KDIGO, RIFLE, AKIN | 321 | 62 (53–71) | 30 |
| 12 Elmistekawy [48] | 2014 | prospective | CS | AKIN | 3,869 | NA | NA |
| 13 Rydén [67] | 2014 | Prospective | CS | AKIN | 27,929 | 67.1 ± 9.1 | 23.0 |
| Total | 75,976 | Mean 65.6 | 21.0 | ||||
| 1 Dasta [46] | 2008 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 3,741 | 70 ± 10 | 39.9 |
| 2 Aregger [41] | 2009 | retrospective | CS, TAVI | RIFLE | 58 | 83 ± 5 | 12.0 |
| 3 Benedetto [44] | 2009 | Retrospective | CS | AKIN | 705 | 68 (59–73) | 39.2 |
| 4 Machado [61] | 2009 | Retrospective | CS | AKIN | 817 | 61 ± 9 | 34.8 |
| 5 Argalious [42] | 2010 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 10,648 | NA | 17.6 |
| 6 Robert [66] | 2010 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE, AKIN | 24,747 | 66 ± 11 | 31.9 |
| 7 Testani [71] | 2010 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 3,914 | NA | 36.2 |
| 8 Englberger [49] | 2011 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE, AKIN | 4,836 | 64.4 ± 14.2 | 20 |
| 9 Mariscalco [63] | 2011 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 414 | 62.5 ± 11.5 | 8.7 |
| 10 Schneider [69] | 2012 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 1,504 | 67.9 | 29.9 |
| 11 Tolpin [72] | 2012 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 3,914 | NA | 36.2 |
| 12 Bastin [43] | 2013 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE, AKIN | 1,881 | 66 (56–74) | NA |
| 13 Dardashti [45] | 2013 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 5,742 | 67.3 ± 9.7 | 22.1 |
| 14 Englberger [50] | 2013 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE | 951 | 67 ± 13 | 20.4 |
| 15 Liotta [59] | 2014 | Retrospective | CS | WRF | 25,665 | 67.0 ± 9.2 | 24.0 |
| 16 Nina [65] | 2013 | Retrospective | CS | RIFLE, AKIN | 169 | 63 ± 9 | NA |
| 17 Engoren [51] | 2014 | Retrospective | CS | KDIGO | 1,543 | NA | NA |
| 18 Machado [62] | 2014 | Retrospective | CS | KDIGO | 2,804 | 59 (49–66) | 23 |
| 19 Ng [64] | 2014 | Retrospective | CS | WRF | 28,422 | Mean 66 | NA |
| Total | 122,475 | Mean 66.5 | 27.0 | ||||
Values in parentheses are interquartile ranges. DM = Diabetes mellitus; NA = not available.