Table 4.

Comparison of consequences of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea vs adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pediatric Clostridium difficile infections vs adult Clostridium difficile infections

	Pediatric AAD	Ref.	Adult AAD	Ref.	Pediatric CDI	Ref.	Adult CDI	Ref.
Premature stop of antibiotic therapy	Yes	Damrongmanee[76]	4%	Elseviers[37]	NR		NR
Dehydration	NR		17%	Elseviers[37]	75%	Duleba[18]	NR
Attributable mortality	NR		NR		2%	Despandi[169]	5.7%	Dubberke[213]
					2.2%	Sammons[44]	5.7%	Gravel[119]
					3%	de Blank[69]	4.5%	Tabak[117]
							6.3%	Vesteinsdottir[73]
							6.9%	Loo[57]
							15%	McFarland[121]
							17%	Pépin[58]
Crude mortality	NR		3.6%	Selinger[112]	1%	Morinville[100]	10%	Tabak[117]
					2%	Nylund[14]	16.5%	Wenisch[102]
					3.8%	Kim[115]	28%	Bacci[120]
					4.6%	Crews[12]	35%	Eyre[118]
					5%	de Blank[69]	38%	Dubberke[213]
					5.4%	Pai[71]
Colectomy	NR		NR		0.1%	Wendt[4]	0.3%	See[107]
					0.9%	Despandi[169]	0.7%	Halabi[214]
					0.9%	Nylund[14]	1.2%	Dallal[108]
					1%	Pai[71]	2%	McFarland[121]
					1.2%	Kim[115]	6.2%	Muto[59]
							9.1%	Jarvis[175]
Cost	NR		$1400	Song[113]	$18900-$93000	Sammons[44]	$3103	McFarland[89]
($/patient)			$1968	Kamdeu[215]	$28404	Despande[169]	$3427-$33055	Kwon[10]
					$31957	Nylund[14]	$3427-99601	Dubberke[216]
							$7179	Dubberke[217]
							$116312	Dubberke[216]
							$113533	Lawrence[124]
							$23643	Tabak[117]
Length of stay (days additional stay)	NR		8.5 d	Elseviers[37]	4 d	Despande[169]	3 d	Lawrence[124]
					4 d	Nylund[14]	4 d	Dubberke[217]
					6 d	Sammons[44]	6 d	Vesteinsdottir[73]
					23d	de Blank[69]	10 d	Abdelsattar[218]
							13 d	Tabak[117]
							14 d	Crabtree[184]
							16 d	Zerey[193]
							24 d	McFarland[121]
Re-admissions	NR		8%	Pozzoni[160]	NR		21%	McFarland[121]
							39%	Abdelsattar[218]
							52%	Dubberke[213]

¹For initial CDI episodes only;

²For recurrent CDI episodes only;

³In intensive care unit. References are given by last name of first author and citation number in brackets. AAD: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; CDI: Clostridium difficile infections; LOS: Length of stay; NR: Not reported.