Table 1.
Preoperative variables of patients in the control and lavage groups n (%)
| Control group (n = 254) | Lavage group (n = 678) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 55.96 ± 13.48 | 50.81 ± 10.91 | 0.223 |
| Gender (M:F) | 81:173 | 180:498 | 0.119 |
| Pulmonary disease | 45 (17.7) | 154 (22.7) | 0.106 |
| Hypertension | 25 (9.8) | 63 (9.3) | 0.803 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (4.3) | 27 (3.9) | 0.853 |
| Past history of biliary tract surgery | 119 (46.9) | 287 (42.3) | 0.235 |
| Past history of cholangioenterostomy | 11 (4.3) | 15 (2.2) | 0.115 |
| Past history of liver resection | 23 (9.1) | 72 (10.6) | 0.713 |
| Stone location | 0.892 | ||
| Right | 159 (62.5) | 395 (58.3) | |
| Left | 215 (84.6) | 577 (85.1) | |
| Extra | 158 (62.2) | 406 (59.8) | |
| Total bilirubin | 15.8 ± 10.42 | 18.3 ± 24.33 | 0.110 |
| ALB (g/L) | 40.31 ± 3.45 | 39.45 ± 6.92 | 0.197 |
| WBC (× 109/L) | 5.61 ± 2.02 | 6.05 ± 4.7 | 0.462 |
| AST (U/L) | 39.6 ± 45.12 | 53.51 ± 61.38 | 0.155 |
| ALT (U/L) | 38.76 ± 54.37 | 64.61 ± 76.79 | 0.306 |
Data for age and levels of total bilirubin, ALB, WBC, AST, and ALT are presented as the mean ± SD. ALB: Albumin; WBC: White blood cells; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.