Table 1.
Select anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents in trials for glioblastoma*
| Drug | Mechanism | Most advanced phase | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antibodies | |||
| Bevacizumab | VEGF antibody | Phase 2: recurrent GBM | Bevacizumab alone: 29%–35% APF6 |
| Phase 3: newly diagnosed GBM† | Bevacizumab + irinotecan: 50.2% APF6 | ||
| Aflibercept | VEGF-α/β, placental growth factor “receptor decoy” | Phase 2: recurrent GBM | 30% response rate |
| Small-molecule inhibitors | |||
| Cediranib | VEGFR-1/2/3, c-kit, PDGFR-α/β inhibitor; weak FGFR-1, EGFR inhibitor | Phase 3: recurrent GBM | 25.8% APF6 |
| Phase 2: newly diagnosed GBM | Ongoing | ||
| Vatalanib | VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR-β, c-kit inhibitor | Phase 2: recurrent GBM | 33/47 patients with PR/SD |
| Phase 2: newly diagnosed GBM | Results pending | ||
| Sunitinib | VEGFR-2, PDGFR, c-kit inhibitor | Phase 2: recurrent GBM | Ongoing |
| XL184 | VEGFR-2, c-met, Tie-2, c-kit inhibitor | Phase 2: recurrent GBM | Ongoing |
| Pazopanib | VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR-α/β, c-kit inhibitor | Phase 1/2: recurrent GBM | Ongoing |
| AEE788 | VEGFR-1/2, EGFR inhibitor | Phase 1/2: recurrent GBM | Results pending |
| Sorafenib | VEGFR-2/3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3, Raf inhibitor | Phase 1/2: recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM | Ongoing |
| Vandetanib | VEGFR-1/2, EGFR, Ret kinase inhibitor | Phase 1/2: recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM | Ongoing |
*
Please see the National Institutes of Health’s ClinicalTrials.gov website for up-to-date information on ongoing trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
†
Phase 3 to open in 2009.
APF6—alive and progression free at 6 months; EGFR—epidermal growth factor receptor; FGFR-1—fibroblast growth factor receptor-1; GBM—glioblastoma; PDGFR—platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PR/SD—partial response/stable disease; VEGF—vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR—VEGF receptor.