Table 3.
Changes in selected indigenous gut microflora populations following exposure to CDI therapeutic antimicrobial agents in vitro and in vivo.
| Antimicrobial Agent | Negatively Impacted Populations | Positively Impacted Populations | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaerobes | Facultative Anaerobes | Anaerobes | Facultative Anaerobes | ||
| Vancomycin | Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridia | Lactobacilli, Enterococci | No effect | LFE PD. Lactobacilli (PD) | [111,151] |
| Metronidazole+ | Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridia | No effect (one study E. coli) | No effect | LFE | [110,152] |
| Fidaxomicin | Bifidobacteria | Enterococci | No effect | LFE | [146] |
PD, post-dosing; LFE, lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae. Underlined bacterial groups were substantially reduced (≥3-log10 cfu/mL). + In studies where bioactive metronidazole was detected.