Table 1.
Efflux pumps in Gram positive bacteria and their role in antibiotics transport.
| Bacterial strain | Transport protein family | Efflux pump | Substrates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | MFS [9,41,42,43,44] | NorA | NOR, CPX |
| NorB | NOR, CPX, SPX | ||
| MdeA | Macrolides | ||
| MATE [45] | Tet38 | tetracyclines | |
| MepA | FQ, glycylcyclines | ||
| SMR [39,60,61] | Smr, QacG, QacH | - | |
| Staphylococcus spp | MFS [9,46,47] | Mef(A) | Macrolides |
| ABC [47,48,49] | MsrA | Macrolides, type B streptogramins | |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | MFS [42] | MdeA | Macrolides, lincosamides type A streptogramins |
| Staphylococcus lentus | [54] | FexA | - |
| Streptomyces coelicolor | MFS [38] | CmlR1, CmlR2 | Chloramphenicol |
| Streptomyces spp | MFS [50] | Cml, Cmlv, Cmr, Cmx, CmA | - |
| Streptococcus spp | MFS [9,45,47] | Mef(A) | Macrolides |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | ABC [51] | Msr(D) | Macrolides, ketolides |
| MFS [52] | PmrA | NOR, CPX | |
| Clostridium difficile | MFS [53] | Cme | Erythromycin |
| MATE [45] | CdeA | FQ | |
| Bacillus subtilis | MFS [9,46] | LmrB | Lincosamides |
| Bmr, Bmr3, Blt | FQ | ||
| Bacillus glutamicum | MFS [9,46] | LmrB | Lincosamides |
NOR: norfloxacin; CPX: ciprofloxacin; SPX: sparfloxacin; FQ: flouroquinolones.