Table 2.
MIC against studied strains for gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline; zone inhibition diameter for ampicillin before exposure to Product A, after exposure to Product A, and after treatment with efflux pump inhibitor (PAβN). The p-values were obtained using paired Wilcoxon tests for the comparisons: † before and after exposure to Product A; § after exposure to Product A and after treatment with efflux pump inhibitor.
| Antimicrobial | Mean (±SD) (µg/mL) | Mean Change (%) (±SD) | p-Value † | Mean (±SD) (µg/mL) | Mean Change (%) (±SD) | p-Value § | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-exposure | Post-exposure | After Treatment with PAβN | |||||
| Gentamicin * | 1.12 (±0.29) | 1.29 (±0.26) | +18 (±23) | 0.053 | 1.21 (±0.26) | −6 (±13) | 0.346 |
| Chloramphenicol * | 6.50 (±1.51) | 13.67 (±9.22) | +106 (±135) | 0.035 | 7.83 (±3.35) | −24 (±32) | 0.059 |
| Ciprofloxacin * | 0.03 (±0.01) | 0.11 (±0.09) | +316 (±363) | 0.034 | 0.12 (±0.10) | −1 (±20) | 1.0 |
| Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole * | 0.09 (±0.02) | 0.14 (±0.06) | +58 (±55) | 0.014 | 0.12 (±0.05) | −7 (±17) | 0.371 |
| Tetracycline * | 2.42 (±0.90) | 23.29 (±25.98) | +776 (±1027) | 0.001 | 21.92 (±25.02) | −1 (±22) | 0.423 |
| Ampicillin ** | 18.6 (±1.5) | 12.0 (±6.4) | +35 (±35) | 0.014 | 11.8 (±6.2) | −1 (±3) | 1.0 |
*MIC (µg/mL); **Diameter of zone inhibition (mm); SD: Standard Deviation.