Table 2.
Antimicrobial | Dosing and Duration | Efficacy |
---|---|---|
First-Line Agents | ||
Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystal b | 100 mg twice daily × 5 days (with meals) |
|
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole c | 160/800 mg twice-daily × 3 days |
|
Fosfomycin trometamol | 3 g sachet in a single dose |
|
Pivmecillinam | 400 mg twice daily × 3–7 days |
|
Second-Line Agents | ||
Fluoroquinolone: Ciprofloxacin c Levofloxacin c |
250 mg twice daily × 3 days 250 mg or 500 mg once daily × 3 days |
|
β-lactamb:(e.g., amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefdinir, cefaclor, and cefpodoxime-proxetil) | 3–7 days |
|
Adapted from ref. [2]. a Efficacy data and antimicrobial recommendations based on IDSA guidelines [13]; b Pregnancy category B—no clear risk to fetus based on animal and/or human studies; c Pregnancy category C—animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus; use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.