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. 2004 Jul 20;2(9):e244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020244

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Copyright: © 2004 Crump et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A and B) Schematics of endoderm (A) and crest (B) transplant experiments.

(C–E) In endoderm transplants, confocal projections at 38 hpf (C) and 4 d (D) of a single integrinα5⁻; fli1-GFP host animal show that wild-type TAR* donor tissue contributed efficiently to pharyngeal endoderm (red) but not crest (green). (E) Flat-mount dissection of mandibular and hyoid cartilages from the individual in (C) and (D). Wild-type TAR* endoderm rescues first pouch development (arrow in [C]) and partially rescues hyoid cartilage development (arrowhead in [D] and arrow in [E]) in integrinα5⁻ embryos.

(F–H) In crest transplants, confocal projections of a single integrinα5⁻; fli1-GFP host animal show extensive colocalization (yellow) of donor tissue (red) with crest (green) at 38 hpf (F) and 4 d (G). Donor tissue does not contribute to endoderm or mesoderm. (H) Flat-mount dissection of mandibular and hyoid cartilages from the individual in (F) and (G). Neither the first pouch defects (arrow in [F]) nor hyoid cartilage defects (arrowhead in [G], arrow in [H]) of integrinα5⁻ animals were rescued by wild-type crest.

(I and J) Wild-type and integrinα5⁻ sides that received wild-type endoderm (n_wt = 39; n_itga5 = 12) or crest (n_wt = 30; n_itga5 = 12) transplants are plotted against the contralateral integrinα5⁻ control sides that did not receive transplants. (I) First pouch defects are quantified as percent of sides missing the first pouch. For endoderm transplants, integrinα5⁻ recipient sides were rescued to wild-type levels. For crest transplants, integrinα5⁻ recipient sides were not rescued compared to control sides. (J) Hyoid cartilage defects are quantified according to a mutant cartilage index: 0, wild-type; 1, partial aHM reduction; 2, full aHM loss; 3, aHM and SY losses; and 4, aHM and SY losses and fusion to CH. For endoderm transplants, integrinα5⁻ recipient sides were rescued to wild-type index. For crest transplants, integrinα5⁻ recipient sides were not rescued compared to control sides. Lowercase letters (a, b) in plots designate statistically significant groupings using Tukey-Kramer HSD test.

Scale bars: 50 μm.