Table 2.

Psychotherapeutic interventions

Communication skills, rapport, and trust building: iatrosedative technique

Behavior-management techniques

Relaxation techniques: deep breathing, muscle relaxation

Jacobsen’s progressive muscular relaxation

Brief relaxation or functional relaxation therapy

Autogenic relaxation

Ost’s applied relaxation technique

Deep relaxation or diaphragmatic breathing

Relaxation response

Guided imagery

Biofeedback

Hypnotherapy

Acupuncture

Distraction

Enhancing control

“Tell-show-do”, signaling

Systematic desensitization or exposure therapy

Positive reinforcement

Cognitive therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)