Table 1. Baseline data.
| Drumming (n = 30) | Control (n = 15) | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 23 (77%) | 14 (93%) | p = 0.169a |
| Age, mean ± SD | 55.07 ± 13.0 | 52.00 ± 14.7 | χ244 = 0.51, p = 0.480 |
| Ethnicity white, n (%) | 21 (70%) | 15 (100%) | χ23 = 5.63, p = 0.131 |
| Status, n (%) | χ23 = 7.19, p = 0.066 | ||
| Employed | 4 (13%) | 7 (47%) | |
| Retired | 10 (33%) | 4 (27%) | |
| Other | 16 (53%) | 4 (27%) | |
| Education | χ23 = 0.47, p = 0.925 | ||
| No formal qualifications | 4 (13%) | 1 (7%) | |
| GCSE/A2 | 7 (23%) | 4 (27%) | |
| Undergraduate qualification | 13 (43%) | 7 (47%) | |
| Postgraduate qualification | 6 (20%) | 3 (20%) | |
| Musical experience, n (%) | |||
| Currently play an instrument | 11 (37%) | 11 (13%) | p = 0.162a |
| Previously play an instrument | 13 (43%) | 8 (53%) | p = 0.755a |
| Previous experience of drumming | 0 | 0 | p = 1.00a |
| Regularly listen to drumming | 0 | 3 (10%) | p = 0.540a |
| Psychological scales, mean ± SEM | |||
| HADSA | 11.03 ± 0.83 | 9.93 ± 1.16 | F1,42 = 0.591, p = 0.446 |
| HADSD | 8.90 ± 0.79 | 4.27 ± 1.10 | F1,42 = 11.625, p = 0.001 |
| CDRISC | 46.93 ± 3.47 | 57.85 ± 4.83 | F1,42 = 3.385, p = 0.073 |
| WEMWBS | 39.61 ± 1.91 | 44.67 ± 2.61 | F1,42 = 0.355, p = 0.555 |
| PSS | 23.17 ± 1.28 | 21.87 ± 1.78 | F1,40 = 3.554, p = 0.125 |
Baseline demographics and psychological profile for the drumming and control groups.
a Fisher’s exact test