Table 3.
Functional Classification of Rapidly and Slowly Evolving Mammalian Genes
| GO description (hierarchical biological function) | Fraction | P-value | GO term |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapidly evolving genes (upper 10%) | |||
| Immune response | 100/577 | 3.77E-040 | GO:0006955 |
| Response to external stimulus | 120/577 | 2.19E-029 | GO:0009605 |
| Response to pest/pathogen/parasite | 61/577 | 2.76E-023 | GO:0009613 |
| Response to stress | 66/577 | 2.08E-019 | GO:0006950 |
| Humoral immune response | 34/577 | 6.13E-017 | GO:0006959 |
| Antimicrobial humoral response | 24/577 | 4.84E-013 | GO:0019730 |
| Heterophilic cell adhesion | 20/577 | 9.58E-010 | GO:0007157 |
| Response to wounding | 27/577 | 2.68E-006 | GO:0009611 |
| Cell-surface-receptor-linked signal transduction | 55/577 | 9.80E-005 | GO:0007166 |
| Innate immune response | 20/577 | 0.000357 | GO:0045087 |
| Inflammatory response | 19/577 | 0.001230 | GO:0006954 |
| Cellular defense response | 10/577 | 0.006852 | GO:0006968 |
| Lymphocyte activation | 7/577 | 0.008820 | GO:0046649 |
| Pregnancy | 8/577 | 0.009790 | GO:0007565 |
| Cell—cell adhesion | 23/577 | 0.011196 | GO:0016337 |
| Acute-phase response | 6/577 | 0.012574 | GO:0006953 |
| Apoptosis | 27/577 | 0.020652 | GO:0006915 |
| Slowly evolving genes (lower 10%) | |||
| Protein biosynthesis | 55/699 | 1.17E-010 | GO:0006412 |
| Protein metabolism | 140/699 | 5.76E-010 | GO:0019538 |
| Intracellular protein transport | 44/699 | 5.89E-009 | GO:0006886 |
| Small GTPase-mediated signal transduction | 30/699 | 1.85E-007 | GO:0007264 |
| Ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism | 25/699 | 4.81E-006 | GO:0006511 |
| Protein targeting | 18/699 | 0.000128 | GO:0006605 |
| Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid metabolism | 122/699 | 0.000133 | GO:0006139 |
| Biosynthesis | 69/699 | 0.000284 | GO:0009058 |
| Nucleocytoplasmic transport | 13/699 | 0.000461 | GO:0006913 |
| mRNA processing | 17/699 | 0.000491 | GO:0006397 |
| Metabolism | 265/699 | 0.001011 | GO:0008152 |
| Regulation of translation | 12/699 | 0.018670 | GO:0006445 |
| Protein—nucleus import, docking | 5/699 | 0.033283 | GO:0000059 |
| mRNA splicing | 10/699 | 0.039416 | GO:0006371 |
| RNA metabolism | 23/699 | 0.045205 | GO:0016070 |
Upper and lower 10% is scaled according to dN. Note the entire hierarchy of Gene Ontology terms for each gene was used when assessing functional overrepresentation; therefore, categories often contain the same sets of genes. All P-values are Bonferroni-corrected.