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. 2016 Jan;10(1):87–93.

Table 4.

Knowledge of causes of gum diseases (N=223)

Variable N (%) Male
N (%)
Female
N (%)
X2 P. value
Presence of bacteria in the mouth 206 (92.4) 135 (91.2) 71 (94.7) 0.8 0.03
Lack of vitamins 190 (85.2) 120 (81.1) 70 (93.3) 5.9 0.01*
Poor general health 179 (80.3) 111 (75) 68 (90.7) 7.7 0.005**
Smoking 208 (93.3) 134 (90.5) 4 (98.7) 5.2 0.02*