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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Microb Pathog. 2015 Sep 14;94:21–26. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.003

Fig. 3. Subgingival microbiome in LAD-I.

Fig. 3

(A) Gram staining (Brown and Brenn) of extracted tooth (i) and adjacent soft tissues (ii) (2×-20× original magnification). (B) Total bacterial load (quantified with real-time PCR for 16S rRNA) for LAD-I and health. Bacterial load values are expressed as log (10) of 16S rRNA gene copy number (mean+SEM shown, p<0.05) [44]. (C) Immunohistochemistry for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on extracted LAD tooth and surrounding tissues (2×-20× original magnification). (D) Highly prevalent taxa (species) in health and LAD-I. Detection frequency shown per group. From ref. [44]. Original, not previously published images were used in this review.