Table 2. Summary of all 3D surface imaging techniques.
| Devices | Accuracy | Reliability | Practicality |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time |
Portability | Cost (USD) | |||||
| Calibration | Capture | Processing | |||||
| Konica Minolta Vivid (17) | 0.1-0.22 mm (50) | MD 1.24% (51) | None | 0.3-2.5 s | 1-1.5 s | Yes | 20,000-100,000 |
| Axis Three (18) | <0.05 mm (38) | CC >0.8 (18) | <5 min | <2 s | <30 s | No | 30,000 |
| JRCB-D (19) | ≤0.1 mm (19) | ICC 0.9999 (52) | N/A | <5 s | N/A | Yes | N/A |
| VECTRA XT (20) | <1 mm (20) | EE <1.2% (53) | None | 3.5 ms | 80 s | No | 40,000 |
| Di3D (21) | ≤0.2 mm (54) | ICC 0.999 (21) | 5 min | 1 ms | 60 s | Yes | 30,000 |
| 3dMD Torso System (22) | <0.2 mm (55) | CR <0.92 (36) | 45 s | 1.5 ms | <12 s | Yes | 130,000 |
| Crisalix (23) | 2-4 mm (23) | None | None | N/A | 10-15 min | Yes | 4,790 per yr |
| Di4D (56) | 0.17 mm (56) | ME 0.4 mm (57) | 5 min | 60 fps | N/A | Yes | 105,000 |
| 3dMD Dynamic (58) | ≤0.5 mm (59) | ME ≤1.32 mm (60) | 100 s | 60 fps | N/A | Yes | N/A |
MD, mean deviation; s, second; CC, correlation coefficient; ICC, interclass coefficient; N/A, not available; EE, estimate of error; ms, millisecond; CR, coefficient of reproducibility; ME, mean error; fps, frames per second; yr, year.