Table 3.
Concentrations of metabolic markers with significant interaction effects
(Mean values and standard deviations)
| Time point | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 1 h | 3 h | 6 h | ||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Time × treatment: P | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 0·04 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 194·9 | 38·5 | 204·2* | 40·8 | 201·4* | 39·9 | 203·9* | 39·6 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 198·7 | 37·6 | 199·7 | 37·6 | 207·1 | 37·4 | 203·7 | 35·8 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0·04 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 5·05 | 1·00 | 5·29* | 1·06 | 5·22* | 1·03 | 5·28* | 1·03 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 5·15 | 0·97 | 5·17 | 0·97 | 5·36 | 0·97 | 5·28 | 0·93 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 0·01 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 49·6 | 14·5 | 51·6* | 15·3 | 49·3† | 15·3 | 49·9† | 15·3 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 50·2 | 14·0 | 50·6 | 14·5 | 50·4 | 14·5 | 49·7 | 14·4 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0·01 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 1·28 | 0·37 | 1·34* | 0·40 | 1·28† | 0·40 | 1·29† | 0·40 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 1·30 | 0·36 | 1·31 | 0·38 | 1·30 | 0·37 | 1·29 | 0·37 | |
| TAG (mg/dl) | <0·0005 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 126·6 | 56·5 | 182·9* | 77·9 | 223·9*† | 114·4 | 209·6*‡ | 82·9 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 130·1 | 70·6 | 174·9 | 58·2 | 265·1 | 119·8 | 210·4 | 111·8 | |
| TAG (mmol/l) | <0·0005 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 1·43 | 0·64 | 2·07* | 0·88 | 2·53*† | 1·29 | 2·37*‡ | 0·94 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 1·47 | 0·80 | 1·98 | 0·66 | 3·00 | 1·35 | 2·38 | 1·26 | |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 0·04 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 145·4 | 35·3 | 152·6* | 36·5 | 152·2* | 36·3 | 154·0* | 37·2 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 148·5 | 34·9 | 180·5 | 166·6 | 157·0 | 34·5 | 154·0 | 33·8 | |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0·04 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 3·77 | 0·91 | 3·95* | 0·95 | 3·94* | 0·94 | 3·99* | 0·96 | |
| PO + MFGM meal | 3·85 | 0·90 | 4·67 | 4·32 | 4·07 | 0·89 | 3·99 | 0·88 | |
| Insulin (μIU/ml) | <0·0005 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 14·0 | 6·1 | 81·7* | 69·3 | 34·4*† | 28·6 | Not measured | ||
| PO + MFGM meal | 16·4 | 10·6 | 54·8 | 46·1 | 39·6 | 25·9 | Not measured | ||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | <0·0005 | ||||||||
| PO meal | 100·7 | 44·1 | 586·4* | 497·4 | 246·5*† | 205·5 | Not measured | ||
| PO + MFGM meal | 117·5 | 75·9 | 392·9 | 330·4 | 283·8 | 186·0 | Not measured | ||
PO, palm oil; PO + MFGM, palm oil + milk fat globule membrane.
*
Significantly different from 0 h when both treatments analysed together (P < 0·05).
†
Significantly different from 1 h when both treatments analysed together (P < 0·05).
‡
Significantly different from 3 h when both treatments analysed together (P < 0·05).