Table 4.
Causes of death in patients with monoclonal gammopathy and control patients on chronic dialysis
| Causes of Death | ALA (n=173) | LCDD (n=218) | MCN (n=591) | P Value | Patients with MG (n=982) | Controls on Dialysis (n=2171) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 53 (30.6) | 33 (15.1) | 91 (15.4) | <0.001 | 177 (18) | 773 (35.6) | <0.001 |
| Sudden cardiac death | 20 (11.6) | 12 (5.5) | 42 (7.1) | 74 (7.5) | 239 (11) | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (4) | 7 (3.2) | 17 (2.9) | 31 (3.2) | 98 (4.5) | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 12 (6.9) | 4 (1.8) | 10 (1.7) | 26 (2.6) | 128 (5.9) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (2.3) | 3 (1.4) | 8 (1.4) | 15 (1.5) | 122 (5.6) | ||
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 3 (1.7) | 3 (1.4) | 4 (0.7) | 10 (1) | 41 (1.9) | ||
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 12 (0.6) | ||
| Others | 7 (4) | 3 (1.4) | 9 (1.5) | 19 (1.9) | 133 (6.1) | ||
| Infectious disease (%) | 20 (11.6) | 33 (15.1) | 78 (13.2) | 0.58 | 131 (13.3) | 247 (11.4) | 0.11 |
| Septicemia | 15 (8.7) | 17 (7.8) | 41 (6.9) | 73 (7.4) | 146 (6.7) | ||
| Pulmonary infection | 2 (1.2) | 8 (3.7) | 22 (3.7) | 32 (3.3) | 56 (2.6) | ||
| Peritonitis | 0 | 2 (0.9) | 4 (0.7) | 6 (0.6) | 12 (0.6) | ||
| Others | 3 (1.7) | 6 (2.8) | 11 (1.9) | 20 (2) | 33 (1.5) | ||
| Malignancy (%) | 21 (12.1) | 71 (32.6) | 246 (41.6) | <0.001 | 338 (34.4) | 188 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| Solid malignancy | 20 (11.6) | 50 (22.9) | 105 (17.8) | 175 (17.8) | 180 (8.3) | ||
| Hematologic disease | 1 (0.6) | 21 (9.6) | 141 (23.9) | 163 (16.6) | 8 (0.4) | ||
| Others (%) | |||||||
| Cachexia | 15 (8.7) | 7 (3.2) | 29 (4.9) | 0.05 | 51 (5.2) | 144 (6.6) | 0.12 |
| All-causes bleedings | 1 (0.6) | 4 (1.8) | 7 (1.2) | 0.05 | 12 (1.2) | 44 (2) | 0.11 |
| Hyperkaliemia | 0 | 2 (0.9) | 5 (0.8) | 0.65 | 7 (0.7) | 17 (0.8) | 0.83 |
| Others known causes | 29 (16.8) | 21 (9.6) | 56 (9.5) | 0.02 | 106 (10.8) | 295 (13.6) | 0.03 |
| Unknown causes | 34 (19.7) | 47 (21.6) | 79 (13.4) | <0.01 | 160 (16.3) | 462 (21.3) | 0.001 |
ALA, immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis; LCDD, light–chain deposition disease; MCN, myeloma cast nephropathy; MG, monoclonal gammopathy.