Table 1.
Baseline demographic and biochemical parameters
| Parameter | All Patients, n=1058 | CKD Stage 3, n=435 | CKD Stages 4 and 5, n=377 | CKD Stage 5 Dialysis, n=246 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 58±13 | 61±11 | 58±12 | 53±14 | <0.001 |
| Men, % (N) | 62.8 (665) | 70.8 | 58.9 | 54.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28 (25–32) | 29 (26–32) | 28 (25–32) | 27 (23–32) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 140 (129–156) | 142 (130–156) | 143 (130–159) | 137 (123–153) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 81 (75–89) | 81 (75–89) | 81 (74–88) | 80 (70–90) | 0.10 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 178±40 | 187±37 | 177±38 | 163±42 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 101±34 | 110±32 | 100±34 | 87±32 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 46 (38–57) | 47 (39–56) | 47 (37–59) | 44 (36–54) | 0.01 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 126 (92–177) | 125 (96–175) | 127 (92–185) | 124 (82–176) | 0.81 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 99 (88–118) | 103 (92–125) | 98 (89–112) | 91 (82–113) | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 1.88 (0.92–4.7) | 1.83 (0.92–4.07) | 1.68 (0.82–4.22) | 2.44 (1.14–7.16) | 0.002 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 26 (12–40) | 43 (36–50) | 21 (15–25) | 6.6 (5.2–9.1) | <0.001 |
| ABI | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | 1.00 (0.93–1.12) | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | 1.07 (0.96–1.25) | <0.001 |
| c-IMT, mm | 0.71 (0.62–0.82) | 0.75 (0.66–0.84) | 0.68 (0.59–0.81) | 0.69 (0.60–0.79) | <0.001 |
| Smoker, % (N) | 57.2 (605) | 60.9 (265) | 55.7 (210) | 52.8 (130) | 0.09 |
| Dyslipemia, % (N) | 64.6 (684) | 71.7 (312) | 69.0 (260) | 45.5 (112) | <0.001 |
| Medical treatment, % (N) | 57.0 (603) | 57.7 (251) | 67.1 (253) | 40.2 (99) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, % (N) | 29.0 (307) | 32.2 (140) | 30.0 (113) | 22.0 (54) | 0.02 |
| Medical treatment, % (N) | 27.9 (295) | 31.9 (139) | 28.6 (108) | 19.5 (48) | |
| Hypertension, % (N) | 92.1 (974) | 91.5 (398) | 96.0 (362) | 87.0 (214) | <0.001 |
| Medical treatment, % (N) | 89.2 (944) | 92.6 (403) | 95.8 (361) | 73.2 (180) | |
| Familial CVD, % (N) | 8.5 (90) | 9.4 (41) | 9.0 (34) | 6.1 (15) | 0.30 |
| sTWEAK, pg/ml | 389 (254–576) | 459 (323–631) | 405 (286–549) | 214 (115–346) | <0.001 |
Results are expressed as means±SDs or medians (interquartile ranges). BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic BP; DBP, diastolic BP; hs-CRP, high–sensitivity C-reactive protein; ABI, ankle-brachial index; c-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CVD, cardiovascular disease; sTWEAK, soluble TNF–like weak inducer of apoptosis.