Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses predicting cardiovascular outcomes and mortality
| Parameter | Major Cardiovascular Events | Cardiovascular Mortality | Total Mortality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age, per 10 yr | 1.29 (1.08 to 1.56) | <0.01 | 1.27 (1.05 to 1.52) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) | 0.11 | — | — | 1.41 (1.14 to 1.71) | 0.002 | 1.47 (1.19 to 1.81) | <0.001 |
| Sex, men versus women | 1.54 (1.02 to 2.34) | 0.04 | 1.77 (1.15 to 2.74) | 0.01 | 1.14 (0.60 to 2.18) | 0.69 | — | — | 1.22 (0.79 to 1.91) | 0.37 | — | — |
| Current smoker, yes versus no | 1.38 (0.66 to 4.01) | 0.10 | — | — | 1.18 (0.63 to 2.21) | 0.60 | — | — | 1.35 (0.87 to 2.08) | 0.18 | — | — |
| Hypertension, yes versus no | 1.63 (1.01 to 2.46) | 0.28 | — | — | 0.98 (0.30 to 3.18) | 0.98 | — | — | 0.61 (0.32 to 1.17) | 0.14 | — | — |
| Diabetes, yes versus no | 2.45 (1.69 to 3.58) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.14 to 3.66) | 0.02 | 2.56 (1.39 to 4.73) | 0.003 | 2.40 (0.87 to 6.57) | 0.09 | 1.82 (1.19 to 2.77) | <0.01 | 1.46 (0.72 to 2.96) | 0.29 |
| Hyperlipidemia, yes versus no | 1.15 (0.76 to 1.74) | 0.50 | — | — | 0.80 (0.42 to 1.52) | 0.50 | — | — | 0.69 (0.45 to 1.05) | 0.61 | — | — |
| Familial CVD, yes versus no | 1.00 (0.51 to 1.97) | 0.99 | — | — | 1.21 (0.43 to 3.38) | 0.77 | — | — | 0.67 (0.27 to 1.65) | 0.38 | — | — |
| eGFR, per 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 0.76 (0.67 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.03) | 0.11 | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.54 to 1.09) | 0.15 | 0.63 (0.54 to 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.95) | 0.01 |
| Dialysis, yes versus no | 2.84 (1.91 to 4.23) | <0.001 | 1.79 (0.98 to 3.30) | 0.06 | 6.30 (3.39 to 11.68) | <0.001 | 2.07 (0.76 to 5.63) | 0.15 | 4.18 (2.74 to 6.37 | <0.001 | 1.75 (0.86 to 3.55) | 0.12 |
| hs-CRP, >3 mg/L | 1.74 (1.19 to 2.54) | 0.004 | 1.37 (0.92 to 2.02) | 0.12 | 1.50 (0.80 to 2.81) | 0.21 | — | — | 1.87 (1.23 to 2.85) | 0.003 | 1.33 (0.86 to 2.04) | 0.20 |
| sTWEAK highest tertile, n=351 | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — |
| sTWEAK middle tertile, n=355 | 1.89 (1.05 to 3.38) | 0.03 | 1.94 (1.07 to 3.52) | 0.03 | 1.04 (0.35 to 3.11) | 0.94 | 1.05 (0.35 to 3.15) | 0.93 | 0.78 (0.43 to 1.43) | 0.43 | 0.75 (0.42 to 1.43) | 0.28 |
| sTWEAK, lowest tertile, n=352 | 3.74 (2.17 to 6.42) | <0.001 | 2.40 (1.33 to 4.33) | 0.004 | 4.92 (2.03 to 11.88) | <0.001 | 2.67 (1.05 to 6.76) | 0.04 | 2.12 (1.28 to 3.50) | 0.003 | 1.14 (0.66 to 1.99) | 0.63 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, yes versus no | 0.88 (0.45 to 1.74) | 0.72 | — | — | 1.07 (0.38 to 3.01) | 0.90 | — | — | 0.46 (0.27 to 0.79) | <0.01 | 0.78 (0.42 to 1.43) | 0.42 |
| Hypolipemic drugs, yes versus no | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.65) | 0.55 | — | — | 0.53 (0.29 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.61 (0.32 to 1.14) | 0.12 | 0.59 (0.39 to 0.89) | 0.01 | 0.58 (0.38 to 0.90) | 0.01 |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs, yes versus no | 0.93 (0.50 to 1.73) | 0.81 | — | — | 0.89 (0.32 to 2.50) | 0.82 | — | — | 0.49 (0.20 to 1.20) | 0.12 | — | — |
| Insulin treatment, yes versus no | 2.59 (1.75 to 3.85) | <0.001 | 1.22 (0.66 to 2.26) | 0.52 | 3.06 (1.63 to 5.73) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.45 to 3.49) | 0.67 | 2.20 (1.41 to 3.45) | 0.001 | 1.25 (0.59 to 2.64) | 0.55 |
Multivariable Cox analysis included variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. – denotes that no value is reported in the statistical analysis. HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; hs-CRP, high–sensitivity C-reactive protein; sTWEAK, soluble TNF–like weak inducer of apoptosis.