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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Place. 2015 Oct 27;36:74–87. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.09.003

Table 7.

Standardized factor loadings from structural equation measurement modelsa for latent neighborhood food resource and dietary behavior variables: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, 1985–2006.

Latent factors Indicators Factor loadings, λ (p-value)
Year 0
 Year 7
 Year 20
λ P-value λ P -value λ P -value
Neighborhood:
Fast food restaurants Count of fast food restaurants within 3 km Euclidean buffer per 10 km of local and secondary roadwaysb,c 1.00 – 1.00 – 1.00 –
Population densityd 0.12 0.000 0.17 0.000 −0.09 0.000
Sit-down restaurants Count of non-fast food restaurants within 3 km Euclidean buffer per 10 km of local and secondary roadwaysb,c 1.00 – 1.00 – 1.00 –
Population densityc 0.38 0.000 0.36 0.000 0.53 0.000
Supermarkets Count of supermarkets within 3 km Euclidean buffer per 10 km of local and secondary roadwaysb,c 1.00 – 1.00 – 1.00 –
Population densityd −0.05 0.000 0.11 0.000 0.37 0.000
Convenience stores Count of convenience stores within 3 km Euclidean buffer per 10 km of local and secondary roadwaysb,c 1.00 – 1.00 – 1.00 –
Population densityd 0.40 0.000 0.34 0.000 0.19 0.000
Hypothesized dietary behaviors associated with:
Fast food restaurants Fast food restaurant visits per weeke 0.42 0.000 0.59 0.000 0.61 0.000
Potatoes/fries 0.25 0.000 0.10 0.854 0.10 0.005
Processed meats 0.19 0.000 0.14 0.000 0.05 0.235
Beef 0.13 0.003 0.11 0.000 −0.06 0.137
Fried chicken/seafood 0.08 0.001 0.51 0.000 0.47 0.000
Sweets/desserts 0.20 0.000 0.04 0.172 0.04 0.234
SSB 0.26 0.000 0.13 0.000 0.09 0.000
Diet drinks 0.20 0.000 0.14 0.000 0.23 0.000
Sit-down restaurants Refined grainse 0.79 0.000 0.75 0.000 0.72 0.000
Processed meats 0.51 0.000 0.51 0.000 0.55 0.000
Potatoes/fries 0.47 0.000 0.49 0.000 0.46 0.000
Beef 0.67 0.000 0.66 0.000 0.69 0.000
Unprocessed red meat (pork/veal/lamb) 0.53 0.000 0.51 0.000 0.43 0.000
Sweets/desserts 0.18 0.000 0.29 0.000 0.19 0.000
SSB 0.09 0.017 0.12 0.000 0.09 0.006
Diet drinks −0.03 0.460 0.02 0.585 −0.07 0.068
Cheese 0.46 0.000 0.43 0.000 0.37 0.000
Vegetables 0.33 0.000 0.24 0.000 0.06 0.013
Fruit 0.15 0.000 0.02 0.243 −0.06 0.000
Butter 0.67 0.000 0.58 0.000 0.46 0.000
Supermarkets Cheesee 0.56 0.000 0.44 0.000 0.45 0.000
Refined grains 0.26 0.000 0.31 0.000 0.24 0.000
Potato chips 0.19 0.002 0.23 0.000 0.18 0.000
Potatoes/fries 0.29 0.000 0.26 0.000 0.17 0.000
Processed meats 0.07 0.024 0.10 0.000 0.12 0.000
Unprocessed red meat (pork/veal/lamb) 0.07 0.011 0.05 0.045 0.10 0.000
Beef 0.24 0.000 0.14 0.000 0.20 0.000
Sweets/desserts 0.36 0.000 0.34 0.000 0.29 0.000
SSB −0.03 0.606 0.03 0.650 0.06 0.567
Diet drinks 0.23 0.001 0.25 0.000 0.19 0.035
Vegetables 0.69 0.000 0.64 0.000 0.58 0.000
Fruit 0.45 0.000 0.46 0.000 0.41 0.000
Butter 0.26 0.000 0.20 0.000 0.26 0.000
Juice 0.50 0.000 0.43 0.000 0.41 0.000
Nuts 0.35 0.000 0.27 0.000 0.41 0.000
Whole grains 0.38 0.000 0.43 0.000 0.39 0.000
Yogurt 0.49 0.000 0.43 0.000 0.39 0.000
Low-fat milk 0.35 0.000 0.34 0.000 0.30 0.000
Whole milk 0.06 0.508 −0.05 0.494 0.06 0.146
Convenience stores Whole milke 0.50 0.000 0.38 0.000 0.20 0.000
Sweets/desserts 0.34 0.000 0.24 0.000 0.25 0.000
SSB 0.24 0.000 0.36 0.000 0.52 0.000
Diet drinks −0.39 0.000 −0.40 0.000 −0.48 0.000
Juice 0.50 0.000 0.38 0.000 0.57 0.000
Potato chips 0.50 0.000 0.20 0.000 0.18 0.000
a

Derived from structural equation modeling using Mplus version 7.11 (Muthén and Muthén, 1998–2010)

b

Counts of Dunn & Bradstreet food resources.

c

Residual variances were set to zero to facilitate convergence.

d

Population density Z-scores from U.S. Census-tract level data spatially linked to respondent residential locations and temporally linked to CARDIA exam years (Year 0, 1980; Years 7, 1990; Year 15 and 20, 2000).

e

Referent indicator.