Inhibition of guanylate biosynthesis enzymes limits tumor invasion and growth. Simplified schematic of guanylate metabolic pathway and the proposed model. Enzymes are shown by ovals. Inhibitors of the pathway are indicated. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GMP, guanosine monophosphate; GMPS, GMP synthase; GMPR, GMP reductase; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; IMP, inositol monophosphate; IMPDH, inositol monophosphate dehydrogenase; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.