Figure 7. IL-32γ enhances Th1 and Th17 cytokine secretion from CD4⁺ T-cells stimulated through the T-cell receptor.

CD4⁺ T-cells were isolated from HIV^neg (n = 3) and HIV-infected ART-treated subjects (n = 3) by negative selection and stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 (0.5 μg/ml) and anti-CD28 (0.5 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of either IL-32α (500 ng/ml) or IL-32γ (500 ng/ml). Shown on these bar graphs are cytokine levels secreted following activation through the TCR alone (set at 100%) or in the presence of either IL-32α or IL-32γ. Bar height and error bars represent the mean ± SD for a combined group of n = 3 HIV^neg and n = 3 HIV-infected ART-treated subjects. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post tests were used to assess the significance of between group cytokine levels when IL-32α or IL-32γ were present in addition to the anti-CD3/CD28 TCR stimulus. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001.