Table 1. Pheromone gland components and their behavioral effects in H. armigera and H. assulta.
| Pheromone gland components3 | H. armigera | H. assulta | Behavioral effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Z11-16:Ald | ● | ● | Pheromone component for both species2,4,8 |
| Z9-16:Ald | ● | ● | Pheromone component for both species1,8 |
| Z9-14:Ald | – | – | Agonist (0.3%)/antagonist (1% and above) for H. armigera7; antagonist for H. assulta6,7 |
| Z7-16:Ald | ● | • | No effects in H. armigera2 and no electrophysiology activity in H. assulta9 |
| Z9-16:OH | • | ● | Antagonist for H. assulta1 |
| Z11-16:OH | ● | ● | Antagonist when mixed with Z9-16:OH for H. assulta1 |
| Z9-16:Ac | – | ● | Antagonist in China but agonist in Korea when mixed with Z11-16:Ac for H. assulta1 |
| Z11-16:Ac | – | ● | Antagonist in China but agonist in Korea when mixed with Z9-16:Ac for H. assulta1 |
Dot sizes represent the relative proportions of compounds in pheromone gland extracts; Dash means the compound was not detected3. Z11-16:Ald, (Z)-11-hexadecenal; Z9-16:Ald, (Z)-9-hexadecenal; Z9-14:Ald, (Z)-9-tetradecenal; Z7-16:Ald, (Z)-7-hexadecenal; Z9-16:OH, (Z)-9-hexadecenol; Z11-16:OH, (Z)-11-hexadecenol; Z9-16:Ac, (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate; Z11-16:Ac, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate.