Table 1.
Subject characteristics
| Variable | Pre- menopausal Women |
Post- menopausal Women |
Young Men | Older Men |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 11 | 17 | 11 | 26 |
| Age (years) a | 30 ± 2 | 63 ± 2 * | 31 ± 2 | 66 ± 2 † |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) a | 23 ± 1 | 29 ± 2 * | 24 ± 2 | 29 ± 1† |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) a | 125 ± 5 | 132 ± 4 | 130 ± 3 | 142 ± 4 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) b | 71 ± 4 | 72 ± 2 | 78 ± 2 | 80 ± 2 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) a | 55 ± 4 | 62 ± 3 | 52 ± 2 | 62 ± 3 † |
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 85 ± 5 | 91 ± 3 | 95 ± 6 | 96 ± 4 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) a | 12 ± 1 | 17 ± 1* | 12 ± 1 | 17 ± 1 *† |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) a,b | 0.76 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.05 * | 1.04 ± 0.03 †‡ |
| Medical History | ||||
| Hypertension c | 0 (0%) | 8 (47%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (38%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0%) | 3 (18%) | 1 (9%) | 4 (15%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
| Medication | ||||
| Calcium channel blocker | 0 (0%) | 4 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) |
| Beta blocker | 0 (0%) | 2 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
| ACE inhibitor | 0 (0%) | 3 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (15%) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) |
| Diuretics | 0 (0%) | 3 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (15%) |
Data are mean ± SE. ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme.
a
p<0.05 main effect of age,
b
p<0.05 main effect of sex,
c
p<0.05 chi-square,
*
P<0.05 vs. pre-menopausal women,
†
P<0.05 vs. young men,
‡
P<0.05 vs. post-menopausal women