Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cases and matched controls
| All gastric1 adenocarcinoma |
Matched controls |
Cardia adenocarcinoma |
Matched controls |
Non-cardia adenocarcinoma |
Matched controls |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 272 | 524 | 142 | 276 | 103 | 195 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.2 (10.8) | 63.7 (9.2) | 66.3 (11.1) | 64.4 (9.1) | 64.0 (10.6) | 62.8 (9.4) | |
| Female gender, N (%) | 69 (25.4) | 133 (25.4) | 31 (21.8) | 63 (22.8) | 30 (29.1) | 53 (27.2) | |
| Urban residence, N (%) | 88 (32.5) | 166 (31.7) | 47 (33.3) | 86 (31.2) | 33 (32.0) | 61 (31.3) | |
| Ethnicity, N (%) | |||||||
| Turkmen | 129 (47.4) | 320 (61.1) | 82 (57.7) | 186 (67.4) | 33 (32.0) | 101 (51.8) | |
| Fars | 56 (20.6) | 71 (13.5) | 19 (13.4) | 33 (11.9) | 32 (31.1) | 28 (14.4) | |
| Turk | 40 (14.7) | 65 (12.4) | 18 (12.7) | 26 (9.4) | 17 (16.5) | 33 (16.9) | |
| Sistani | 27 (9.9) | 49 (9.4) | 15 (10.6) | 25 (9.1) | 10 (9.7) | 21 (10.8) | |
| Others | 20 (7.4) | 19 (3.6) | 8 (5.6) | 6 (2.2) | 11 (10.7) | 12 (6.1) | |
| Education, N (%) | |||||||
| Some education | 46 (16.9) | 143 (27.3) | 22 (15.5) | 80 (29.0) | 18 (17.5) | 48 (24.6) | |
| No formal education | 226 (83.1) | 381 (72.7) | 120 (84.5) | 196 (71.0) | 85 (82.5) | 147 (75.4) | |
| Tobacco smoking, N (%) | |||||||
| Never | 169 (62.1) | 340 (64.9) | 94 (66.2) | 171 (62.0) | 58 (56.3) | 134 (68.7) | |
| Ever smoker | 103 (37.9) | 184 (35.1) | 48 (33.8) | 105 (38.0) | 45 (43.7) | 61 (31.3) | |
| Opium, N (%) | |||||||
| Never | 178 (65.4) | 414 (79.0) | 98 (69.0) | 219 (79.4) | 64 (62.1) | 154 (79.0) | |
| Ever smoker | 94 (34.6) | 110 (21.0) | 44 (31.0) | 57 (20.6) | 39 (37.9) | 41 (21.0) | |
| Multiplex serology, N (%) | |||||||
| Negative | 13 (4.8) | 28 (5.3) | 7 (4.9) | 17 (6.2) | 5 (4.9) | 8 (4.1) | |
| Positive** | 259 (95.2) | 496 (94.7) | 135 (95.1) | 259 (93.8) | 98(95.1) | 187 (95.9) | |
| H. pylori ELISA, N (%) | |||||||
| Negative | 18 (6.6) | 43 (8.2) | 11 (7.7) | 20 (7.3) | 6 (5.8) | 19 (9.7) | |
| Positive | 254 (93.4) | 481 (91.8) | 131 (92.3) | 256 (92.7) | 97 (94.2) | 176 (90.3) | |
1
All gastric adenocarcinomas (n = 272) including cardia (n = 142) and non-cardia (n = 103) adenocarcinomas, as well as 27 adenocarcinomas of mixed or unspecified site (with 53 controls);
2
Defined as recognizing antibodies to ≥ 4 antigens.