TABLE 2.
Trends in disordered eating behaviors and related psychosocial health/attitudes among nonoverweight and overweight adolescents in Minneapolis/St. Paul from 1999 to 2010 (percents and means)
| Nonoverweight girls (BMI <85th percentile) | Overweight girls (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) | Nonoverweight boys (BMI <85th percentile) | Overweight boys (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999a | 2010 | ESb | p values | 1999a | 2010 | ESb | p values | 1999a | 2010 | ESb | p values | 1999a | 2010 | ESb | p values | |
| n= 972c | n=899c | n=460c | n=566c | n=812c | n=747c | n=436c | n=535c | |||||||||
| Disordered eating behaviors (%) | %diff | %diff | %diff | %diff | ||||||||||||
| Chronic dieting | 7.4 | 2.7 | –4.7 | <.01 | 12.9 | 10.1 | –2.8 | 0.15 | 3.3 | 1.9 | –1.4 | 0.09 | 10.9 | 6.9 | –4.0 | 0.03 |
| Less extreme weight control behaviors | 47.7 | 38.7 | –9.0 | <.01 | 72.8 | 68.1 | –4.7 | 0.10 | 29.0 | 23.9 | –5.1 | 0.02 | 58.3 | 57.9 | –0.4 | 0.90 |
| Extreme weight Control behaviors | 8.9 | 4.0 | –4.9 | <.01 | 13.9 | 11.3 | –2.6 | 0.21 | 5.1 | 3.0 | –2.1 | 0.04 | 5.8 | 5.4 | –0.4 | 0.81 |
| Binge eating With loss of control | 8.9 | 7.8 | –1.1 | 0.40 | 12.3 | 12.1 | –0.2 | 0.94 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0.27 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 1.5 | 0.39 |
| Psychosocial well-being (mean) | Mean diff | Mean diff | Mean diff | Mean diff | ||||||||||||
| Depressive symptoms | 18.1 | 17.9 | –0.04 | 0.29 | 18.0 | 18.5 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 15.9 | 15.4 | –0.10 | 0.04 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 0.02 | 0.74 |
| Self-esteem | 17.6 | 17.7 | 0.03 | 0.56 | 17.3 | 17.2 | –0.03 | 0.76 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 18.0 | 17.6 | –0.11 | 0.06 |
| Body satisfaction | 34.7 | 35.7 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 30.3 | 29.4 | –0.09 | 0.16 | 38.7 | 37.4 | –0.13 | <0.01 | 32.7 | 30.9 | –0.18 | 0.01 |
| Weight concerns | 2.5 | 2.2 | –0.30 | <.01 | 3.1 | 3.0 | –0.10 | 0.07 | 1.9 | 1.7 | –0.20 | <.001 | 2.8 | 2.6 | –0.20 | 0.01 |
| BMI (SD=3.0 for non overweight, 4.7 for overweight) | 20.5 | 20.3 | –0.07 | 0.03 | 29.1 | 29.4 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 20.3 | 20.0 | –0.10 | <0.01 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 0.04 | 0.59 |
The 1999 sample was weighted to allow for an examination of secular trends in weight-related outcomes independent of demographic shifts in the population.
ES = Effect size for dichotomous outcomes is difference in proportions and for continuous outcomes is standardized mean difference (i.e., mean diff is scaled by the full sample standard deviation). For BMI a different standard deviation was used to standardize the nonoverweight and overweight since the groups differed greatly by BMI by design.
Numbers may vary slightly due to missing values for specific variables.