. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2015 Sep 23;44(3):725–732. doi: 10.1007/s10439-015-1438-9

Table 2.

Non-destructive imaging techniques for adipose tissue engineered models

Technique	Label	Measurement	Reference
TPEF, FLIM	None	NADH and FAD (endogenous contrast)	(11, 43, 53)
THG, SRS, CARS	None	Lipid droplet morphology and content (endogenous contrast)	(12, 47-50)
Ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging	Gold Nanomarkers	Location of tagged cells	(54, 55)
MRI	None	Distinguishes fat versus water based tissues due to differences in relaxation times	(56, 57)

Abbreviations: TPEF = Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence, THG = Third Harmonic Generation, MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging