Table 5. Characteristics of patients and parasites, by recrudescence.
| Recrudescence (n=48) | No recrudescence (n=156) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male participants | 42/48 (88%) | 109/156 (70%) | 0.046 |
| Median age (IQR; years) | 23.5 (20–32) | 25 (16–33) | 0.81 |
| Median parasite concentration at 0 h (IQR; parasites per μL) | 15 731 (3789–55 733) | 11 316 (1547–41 594) | 0.13 |
| Gametocyte carriage at 0 h (n, %) | 4/48 (8%) | 9/156 (6%) | 0.51 |
| Detectable piperaquine at 0 h (n, %) | 32/48 (67%) | 40/155 (26%) | <0.0001 |
| Piperaquine plasma concentration at 0 h (ng/mL) | 20.74 (35.56; n=48) | 3.91 (15.52; n=155) | <0.0001 |
| Total piperaquine given (mg/kg) | 55.47 (7.85) | 57.40 (8.47) | 0.059 |
| Piperaquine plasma concentration on day 7 (ng/mL) | 71.87 (42.06; n=45) | 67.58 (55.59; n=148) | 0.13 |
| Dose-normalised piperaquine plasma concentration on day 7 (ng/mL per dose) | 3.93 (2.37; n=45) | 3.56 (2.87; n=148) | 0.11 |
| kelch13 mutation (n/N, %) | 41/46 (89%) | 51/155 (33%) | <0.0001 |
| pfmdr1 copy number >1 (n/N, %) | 0/48 (0%) | 17/156 (11%) | 0.014 |
| X5r copy number >1 (n/N, %) | 6/47 (13%) | 10/156 (6%) | 0.21 |
| Chloroquine geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 625 (269–1084; n=29/46) | 416 (19–1313; n=85/111) | 0.0043 |
| Quinine geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 240 (81–992; n=45/46) | 255 (43–957) n=109/111 | 0.35 |
| Mefl oquine geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 10 (2–52; n=45/46) | 22 (3–70; n=104/111) | <0.0001 |
| Piperaquine geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 64† (17–136; n=32/46) | 40 (8–185; n=104/111) | 0.0002 |
| Artesunate geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 3 (1–9; n=44/46) | 3 (1–9; n=104/111) | 0.41 |
| Dihydroartemisinin geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 3 (1–6; n=45/46) | 3 (1–8; n=107/111) | 0.33 |
| Atovaquone geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 1 (0–9; n=41/44) | 0 (0–14; n=70/74) | 0.0010 |
| Pyronaridine geometric mean IC50 (range; nmol/L) | 5 (1–17; n=41/44) | 5 (1–15); n=71/74) | 0.62 |
Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.
*
Calculated with Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. IC50 data are for the total number of isolates with interpretable data (numerator) out of the total number of isolates tested (denominator).
†
Equivalent to 64 ng/mL.