Aspects of reinforcement learning and expected value signaling. Signals for Expected Value, Experienced Value RPE Computation, and Stimulus Salience (both cue and outcome) are associated with distinct neural substrates. The signaling of expected value can be further parsed along a number of dimensions. Abbreviations: OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; VS, ventral striatum; Ant., anterior; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; Rec., receptors; V., ventral.