Figure 1.

Psychophysical pain intensity ratings (±95% confidence intervals). Meditation during saline (meditation + saline) infusion significantly (p < 0.001) reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings compared with rest and the control and saline (control + saline) group. Importantly, naloxone failed to reverse meditation-induced analgesia. Meditation during naloxone administration (meditation + naloxone) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced pain intensity ratings compared with rest, the control + saline group, and the control and naloxone (control + naloxone) groups. There were no significant differences in pain intensity reductions (p = 0.69) between the meditation + saline and the meditation + naloxone groups.