Table 2. Thickness (mm) changes from rest induced by NMES.

Muscle	NMES protocol			Stimulation effect
	A (a)	B (b)	A+B (c)	Pa×b	Pa×c	Pb×c
SM†	0.5 (1.1)	1.2 (1.0)	1.3 (1.1)	0.034∆	0.036∆	0.499
DM†	0.3 (0.8)	1.0 (0.9)	1.1 (1.3)	0.038∆	0.028∆	0.494
OE†	2.1 (1.7)	−0.1 (0.8)	1.9 (1.9)	0.002∆	0.469	0.005∆
OI†	1.3 (1.1)	0.2 (0.4)	1.0 (1.2)	0.000∆	0.297	0.002∆
TrA†	0.7 (0.7)	0.7 (0.7)	0.6 (0.7)	0.018∆	0.475	0.034∆

Values are means (± standard deviations). NMES: neuromuscular electrical stimulation. A: stimulation of abdominal muscles, B: stimulation of lumbar muscles, A+B: simultaneous stimulation of abdominal and lumbar muscles. SM: superficial lumbar mutifidus muscle, DM: deep lumbar mutifidus muscle, OE: obliquus externus muscle, OI: obliquus internus muscle, TrA: transversus abdominis muscle

^†Significant difference among the A, B and A+B protocols (p < 0.05)

^∆p < 0.05