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. 2016 Mar 11;7:10987. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10987

Figure 5. The V–Q plots of the designed charging cycle for a commercial capacitor with charging voltage increased from 9.5 V to 110.3 V.

Figure 5

For these plots, VC are (a) 9.5 V, (b) 29.3 V, (c) 49.6 V, (d) 69.0 V, (e) 90.2 V and (f) 110.3 V. The six statuses in the designed charging cycle are marked in the plots. The shaded areas are the stored energy per cycle by the designed charging cycle EC,designed, in which the red shaded areas are the part of the energy that can also be stored in the direct charging cycle with the same VC, while the grey shaded areas are the ‘extra' energy that can only be stored in the designed charging cycle.