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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 16.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016 Mar;18(4):13. doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0518-9

Table 1.

Characteristics of publications included in a systematic review of hepatitis C virus and long-term care settings

Source, (year), and location Objective Study design Sample Outcome
measure		 Prevalence % (N) Risk factorsa Mean quality scoreb
Baldo et al. (2000) [29]
Italy		 To evaluate the HCV prevalence
 in two groups of elderly people:
 nursing home and community-dwelling		 Cross-sectional NH: 288 residents;
 mean age 84 from
 one NH
 Community: 208
 subjects; mean age
 73 from northeast
 Italy		 Anti-HCV NH: 11.8 %
 (34/288)
 Community: 11.1 %
 (23/208)		 Age*, gender*, surgery,
 blood transfusion, dental
 therapy, household
 members with hepatitis,
 anti-HBs, and/or anti-HBc
 positivity*		 6
Chien et al. (1999) [14]
USA		 To assess the prevalence of current
 or previous infection with viral
 hepatitis in an older NH population		 Prospective cohort 199 residents; mean
 age 79 from 3 NHs		 Anti-HCV 4.5 % (9/199) Age, ethnicity, history of blood
 transfusion*, end stage renal
 disease, manual labor,
 previous surgeries, and
 injection drug use		 4
Floreani et al. (1992) [30]
Italy		 To evaluate the prevalence of
 anti-HCV in a population of
 institutionalized older adults
 and to study the clinical features
 of anti-HCV positive subjects		 Cross-sectional 315 residents; mean
 age 80 from one
 HFTA		 Anti-HCV 2.2 % (7/315) Blood transfusions, major
 surgery, length of
 institutionalization, and
 HBV serum markers		 3
Mansour-Ghanaei et al.
 (2007) [33]
Iran		 To determine the frequency of HBV
 and HCV serological makers in
 residents of a Guilan NH		 Cross-sectional 383 residents, mean
 age 58 from one NH		 Anti-HCVAb 2.3 % (9/383) Gender, short duration of
 residency in NH*, transfusion
 history, mental retardation,
 physically handicap, and
 history of surgery		 5
Maral et al. (2009) [31]
Turkey		 The determine the seroprevalence
 of HBV and HCV in the elderly
 residing in two NHs		 Cross-sectional 227 residents, mean
 age 76 from two
 NHs		 Anti-HCV IgG 2.5 % (6/227) Age, sex, and duration in NH 4
Simor et al. (1992) [32]
Canada		 To determine the prevalence of
 HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV
 among residents
 of a LTC facility		 Cross-sectional 508 residents, mean
 age 83 from one
 LTC facility		 Anti-HCV 1.4 % (7/508) Non 6
a

Data on each risk-factor for each study was systematically determined and statistically tested for significance regarding anti-HCV positivity; significant risk factors identified in multivariate analysis are marked with an asterisk

b

Average quality score between the two reviewers using the modified tool; Score ranges from 0-7

Anti-HCV HCV antibody, HBV hepatitis B virus, HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen, HBc anti-hepatitis B core antigen, HBs anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, HCV hepatitis C virus, HFTA home for the aged, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, LTC long-term care, NH nursing home