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. 2016 Mar 16;6:23103. doi: 10.1038/srep23103

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(a,b) Conventional and real-time RT-PCR assays and quantification results showing that TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA expression levels were increased in a concentration and time dependent manner after exposure to LPS or poly(I:C). LPS (10 ng/ml) elevates TLR3 mRNA expression. Poly(I:C) concentration-dependently increases TLR3 mRNA expression. 4 h incubation with both ligands preferably elevated TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA levels. β-Actin serves as an internal control. (c) Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealing the 4 h incubation with LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced up-regulation of mRNA expression of cytokines including IL4, IL6, IL8 and IP10 in hMSCs. LPS preferably boosts IL6, IL8 and IP10 mRNA expression, whereas poly(I:C) raised only the mRNA level of IL4. The significance level was set at *p < 0.05.